How to reinstall a package using apt-get on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux

I am a new Debian Linux / Ubuntu Linux LTS user. How do I reinstall a package using apt-get command or apt command line? Is there an 'apt-get force reinstall package' command?

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Linux Execute Cron Job After System Reboot

I am on Red Hat Enterprise Linux server. Is there is an easy way to run script or command at boot time after fresh reboot command? How can I execute cron job on Linux after system restart?

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How To Flush Contents Of a Memcached Server Using Command Line

I have installed memcached server under Linux, but it is still showing old data. How do I flush the contents of a Memcached instance / server on Linux or Unix-like systems?

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Disable SELinux on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 / Fedora Linux

I need to disable SELinux on CentOS 7. How can I disable SELinux from the command line over ssh based session?

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How To Install Speedtest-cli On a CentOS / RHEL / Fedora Linux To Check Internet Speed

I do not want to use Adobe flash based speed testing site due to security concern on my desktop. How do I install Speedtest-cli on a CentOS Linux or Fedora Linux or Red Hat Enterise Linux (RHEL) for checking the Internet speed?

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Getting Yesterdays or Tomorrows Day With Bash Shell Date Command

When invoked without arguments, the date command displays the current date and time. Depending on the options specified, the date would set the date and time or print it in a user-defined format. However, how do you get yesterdays with bash? What about tomorrows day? I have seen many sysadmins writing Perl scripts for calculating relative dates such as yesterdays or tomorrows day. You can use the GNU date command, which is designed to handle relative date calculation such as:

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How to install LAMP on Debian 10 (Buster)

How do I install a LAMP stack on Debian 10 (Buster)?

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How to delete a UFW firewall rule on Ubuntu / Debian Linux

How do I remove and delete a UFW firewall rule running on Ubuntu or Debian Linux?

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Linux - How To Copy a Folder [ Command Line Option ]

{Updated} I am a new Linux system user. How do I copy a directory or folder under Linux operating system using command line options and bash shell?

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How To Format Date For Display or Use In a Shell Script

{Updated} How do I format the date to display on the screen on for my shell scripts as per my requirements on Linux or Unix like operating systems?

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Extract tar.gz File in Linux or Unix using tar

{Updated} I have downloaded a file called foo.tar.gz from the Internets. How do I extract tar.gz file under Linux / UNIX like operating systems using command line options?

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Find Linux / UNIX Kernel Version Command

{Updated} How do I find out Unix kernel version? How can I find out my Linux / UNIX kernel version using the ssh command?

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Debian 10 Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes

I am a new Debian Linux 10 server user. How do I set up an OpenVPN Server on Debian Linux version 10 server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, and more?

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How to install Skype on Debian Linux 9

I am a new Debian Linux 9 user. How do I install Skype on Debian Linux 9 using the apt-get command?

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How to change hostname on Debian 10 Linux

How do I change the hostname of a Debian Linux 10 "Buster" operating system permanently using the command line tools?

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How to upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster using the CLI

I have Debian 9.x installed on AWS EC2. How do I upgrade Debian 9 Stretch to Debian 10 Buster using the apt command/apt-get command CLI? How can I upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 using ssh client?

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Linux/UNIX: Move File Starting With A Dash

In Unix or Linux opera/ting systems, how do I move file(s) starting with a dash (e.g., /home/you/--filename.txt or /home/you/-filename.txt)? How do I copy a file whose name begins with dash/hyphen ('-')?

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How to configure Samba to use SMBv2 and disable SMBv1 on Linux or Unix

I am a new Linux user and for security reasons and to avoid ransomware, I would like to disable the SMB1 protocol in samba configuration on a CentOS Linux version 7 server. Is it possible to disable SMBv1 on a Linux or UNIX-like operating system?

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Fedora Linux install vnstat network traffic monitor

How do I install vnstat network traffic monitor on Fedora Linux system to monitor my hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly bandwidth usage?

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Linux dd Command Show Progress Copy Bar With Status

I am using dd command for block level copy and just found out that there's no built in way to check the progress. How do I use the Linux or Unix dd command while coping /dev/sda to /deb/sdb and display a progress bar when data goes through a pipe? How do I monitor the progress of dd on Linux?

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How to check CPU temperature in OpenSUSE Linux

How do I check CPU temperature in OpenSUSE Linux using a command line and GUI tools on my Thinkpad laptop?

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How to install and set up LXD on Fedora Linux server

LXD a container system that uses LXC containers so that you can spin up instances of CentOS, SUSE, Debian, Ubuntu and other Linux distro sharing same Linux kernel. Learn how to install LXD on Fedora and set up your first container including firewalld rules.

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How to update Lenovo BIOS from Linux without using Windows

I am using Lenovo laptop. I want to update my BIOS but do not have Windows installed my system. How do I update Lenovo BIOS from Linux without using MS-Windows operating system with the help of a USB stick?

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How do I force delete a directory in Linux?

I am trying to delete a directory in Linux using the rmdir dir1 command. But, I am getting an error that read as follows:
rmdir: failed to remove `dir1': Directory not empty
How do I force remove and delete a directory in Linux?

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How to hide PHP 5/7 version when using Nginx

I am using PHP 5.6.xx and Nginx server on an Apline Linux server. I want to hide 'X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.32' or 'x-powered-by: PHP/7.3.6' HTTP header. How can I hide PHP version when using Nginx along with PHP-fpm5 or PHP-fpm7?

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Raspberry PI 4 Released – Complete specs and pricing

A new version of the Raspberry PI 4 model has been released, and it is incredible update over the older model. A few years ago, I got Raspberry Pi 3 . It was my first 64-bit ARM board. It came with a 64-bit CPU. Here are the complete specs for an updated 64-bit credit card size Raspberry PI 4 desktop computer level of performance.

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Linux copy and clone USB stick including partitions command

I need to copy and clone existing data from a USB stick. How do I clone a bootable USB key/pen drive on Linux? How do I clone a USB stick including partitions on Linux operating system?

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How To Run Multiple SSH Command On Remote Machine And Exit Safely

How do I run multiple commands in bash on a remote Unix or Linux server? What is the best way to SSH in and run various unix commands in a bash shell?

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How to determine number of CPUs on Linux using command line

I am a new Linux system admin. How do I obtain the number of CPUs and cores in the Linux system from the command line? How do I determine the number of CPUs on Linux?

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Check if a directory exists in Linux or Unix shell

I need to check if a directory exists or not, within a shell script running on Linux or Unix-like system? How do I check if a directory exists in a shell script?

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How to check hard drive health on FreeBSD

How do I read my hard disk/SSD health using smartctl command on FreeBSD operating system? How can I hard drive health on FreeBSD and find out if my disk is dying?

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Find out what processes are running in the background on Linux

I am a new CentOS Linux server sysadmin. How do I find out what processes are running in the background on Linux operating systems?

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Linux/UNIX: Bash Read a File Line By Line

How do I read a text file line by line under a Linux or UNIX-like system using KSH or BASH shell? How do I read a file line by line in bash script?

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How to rename multiple folders in Linux using command line

I am new to Linux programming and bash shell commands. I have a folder structure as dir1, dir2, dir3 and I would like to rename it as dir001, dir002, dir003. How do you rename multiple folders in Linux?

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How to compile and install Linux Kernel 5.1.2 from source code

Compiling a custom kernel has its advantages and disadvantages. However, new Linux user/admin find it difficult to compile Linux kernel. Compiling kernel needs to understand few things and then type a couple of commands. This step by step howto covers compiling Linux kernel version 5.1.2 under Linux OS.

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Use oathtool Linux command line for 2 step verification (2FA)

I do not wish to use Google Authenticator or Authy app that generates 2 step verification (2FA) codes on my iOS/Android phone. Is there any way I can produce 2FA codes from Linux command line for popular sites such as Gmail, Twitter, Facebook, Amazon and more?

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How to upgrade Fedora 29 to Fedora 30

How do I upgrade to Fedora 30 from Fedora 29 Using the dnf command? How can I update F29 to F30? Can you tell me the procedure to upgrade Fedora 29 to Fedora 30?

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How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?

Whenever a Linux system CPU is occupied by a process, it is unavailable for processing other requests. Rest of pending requests must wait until the CPU is free. This becomes a bottleneck in the system. Following command will help you to identify CPU utilization, so that you can troubleshoot CPU-related performance problems on a Linux-based system.

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How to check running process in Ubuntu using command line

I am a new sysadmin for the Ubuntu operating system. How do I check running process in Ubuntu using the command line option?

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Linux disable firewall command

I am a new Linux system administrator. I have a hardware-based firewall, so I don't need a firewall on each server. How do I disable the firewall on Linux?

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Linux Find Out Graphics Card Installed In My System

How do I find out which graphics card installed in my Linux desktop system? How do I find our RAM size of my GPU in Linux?

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How do I check if a port is in use on Linux?

I am a new Linux system user. I need to find out which process is listening on a port on Linux using the command line. How do you find out which process is listening on a port on Linux operating systems?

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40 Linux Server Hardening Security Tips [2019 edition]

A quick checklist of security points to check before exposing a Linux server on the Internet.

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How to change the ssh port on Linux or Unix server

{Updated} New user guide. Learn how to change the SSH port on Linux and Unix including SELinux and firewall config options

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Install and Configure an OpenVPN on Debian 9 In 5 Minutes

I am a new Debian Linux version 9 server user. How do I setup an OpenVPN Server on Debian Linux version 9.x or 8.x server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, and more? How can I Setup a VPN with OpenVPN on Debian 9 Stretch Linux server hosted at AWS cloud?

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Linux bash exit status and how to set exit status in bash

Can you explain bash exit status code? How do I set bash exit status in my Linux shell scripts?

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RHEL 8 install Python 3 or Python 2 using yum

I need to install Python 3 for Ansible IT automation tool on RHEL 8. How do I install Python 3 on RHEL 8? Is it possible to install Python 2 for legacy apps on RHEL 8?

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How to install htop on Alpine Linux using apk

I am a new user of Alpine Linux. How do I install htop on Alpine Linux using the apk command?

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Linux kernel 5.0 released and here is how to install it

Linus Torvalds the creator and the principal developer of the Linux kernel announced the release of Linux kernel version 5.0. This release increases the major kernel version number to 5. from 4.x. The new change does not mean anything and does not affect programs in any way. From the mailing list:

Te overall changes for all of the 5.0 release are much bigger. But I'd like to point out (yet again) that we don't do feature-based releases, and that "5.0" doesn't mean anything more than that the 4.x numbers started getting big enough that I ran out of fingers and toes.

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Linux OpenSSH server deny root user access / log in

How do I block access to root user over ssh session on my Linux server? How can I block root user log in over ssh based session for security reasons?

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