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À partir d’avant-hiernixCraft

Linux - How To Copy a Folder [ Command Line Option ]

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} I am a new Linux system user. How do I copy a directory or folder under Linux operating system using command line options and bash shell?

The post Linux - How To Copy a Folder [ Command Line Option ] appeared first on nixCraft.

How To Format Date For Display or Use In a Shell Script

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} How do I format the date to display on the screen on for my shell scripts as per my requirements on Linux or Unix like operating systems?

The post How To Format Date For Display or Use In a Shell Script appeared first on nixCraft.

Extract tar.gz File in Linux or Unix using tar

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} I have downloaded a file called foo.tar.gz from the Internets. How do I extract tar.gz file under Linux / UNIX like operating systems using command line options?

The post Extract tar.gz File in Linux or Unix using tar appeared first on nixCraft.

Find Linux / UNIX Kernel Version Command

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} How do I find out Unix kernel version? How can I find out my Linux / UNIX kernel version using the ssh command?

The post Find Linux / UNIX Kernel Version Command appeared first on nixCraft.

Debian 10 Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Debian Linux 10 server user. How do I set up an OpenVPN Server on Debian Linux version 10 server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, and more?

The post Debian 10 Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install Skype on Debian Linux 9

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Debian Linux 9 user. How do I install Skype on Debian Linux 9 using the apt-get command?

The post How to install Skype on Debian Linux 9 appeared first on nixCraft.

How to change hostname on Debian 10 Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I change the hostname of a Debian Linux 10 "Buster" operating system permanently using the command line tools?

The post How to change hostname on Debian 10 Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite

I have Debian 9.x installed on AWS EC2. How do I upgrade Debian 9 Stretch to Debian 10 Buster using the apt command/apt-get command CLI? How can I upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 using ssh client?

The post How to upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux / UNIX : Move File Starting With A Dash (-)

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} In Unix or Linux operating systems, how do I move file(s) starting with a dash (e.g., /home/you/--filename.txt or /home/you/-filename.txt)? How do I copy a file whose name begins with dash/hyphen ('-')?

The post Linux / UNIX : Move File Starting With A Dash (-) appeared first on nixCraft.

How to configure Samba to use SMBv2 and disable SMBv1 on Linux or Unix

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux user and for security reasons and to avoid ransomware, I would like to disable the SMB1 protocol in samba configuration on a CentOS Linux version 7 server. Is it possible to disable SMBv1 on a Linux or UNIX-like operating system?

The post https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-configure-samba-to-use-smbv2-and-disable-smbv1-on-linux-or-unix/ appeared first on nixCraft.

Fedora Linux install vnstat network traffic monitor

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I install vnstat network traffic monitor on Fedora Linux system to monitor my hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly bandwidth usage?

The post Fedora Linux install vnstat network traffic monitor appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux dd Command Show Progress Copy Bar With Status

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} How do I use the Linux or Unix dd command while coping /dev/sda to /deb/sdb and display a progress bar when data goes through a pipe? How do I monitor the progress of dd on Linux?

The post Linux dd Command Show Progress Copy Bar With Status appeared first on nixCraft.

How to check CPU temperature in OpenSUSE Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I check CPU temperature in OpenSUSE Linux using a command line and GUI tools on my Thinkpad laptop?

The post How to check CPU temperature in OpenSUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install and set up LXD on Fedora Linux server

Par : Vivek Gite

LXD a container system that uses LXC containers so that you can spin up instances of CentOS, SUSE, Debian, Ubuntu and other Linux distro sharing same Linux kernel. Learn how to install LXD on Fedora and set up your first container including firewalld rules.

The post How to install and set up LXD on Fedora Linux server appeared first on nixCraft.

How to update Lenovo BIOS from Linux without using Windows

Par : Vivek Gite

I am using Lenovo laptop. I want to update my BIOS but do not have Windows installed my system. How do I update Lenovo BIOS from Linux without using MS-Windows operating system with the help of a USB stick?

The post How to update Lenovo BIOS from Linux without using Windows appeared first on nixCraft.

How do I force delete a directory in Linux?

Par : Vivek Gite

I am trying to delete a directory in Linux using the rmdir dir1 command. But, I am getting an error that read as follows:
rmdir: failed to remove `dir1': Directory not empty
How do I force remove and delete a directory in Linux?

The post How do I force delete a directory in Linux? appeared first on nixCraft.

How to hide PHP 5/7 version when using Nginx

Par : Vivek Gite

I am using PHP 5.6.xx and Nginx server on an Apline Linux server. I want to hide 'X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.32' or 'x-powered-by: PHP/7.3.6' HTTP header. How can I hide PHP version when using Nginx along with PHP-fpm5 or PHP-fpm7?

The post How to hide PHP 5/7 version when using Nginx appeared first on nixCraft.

Raspberry PI 4 Released – Complete specs and pricing

Par : Vivek Gite

A new version of the Raspberry PI 4 model has been released, and it is incredible update over the older model. A few years ago, I got Raspberry Pi 3 . It was my first 64-bit ARM board. It came with a 64-bit CPU. Here are the complete specs for an updated 64-bit credit card size Raspberry PI 4 desktop computer level of performance.

The post Raspberry PI 4 Released – Complete specs and pricing appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux copy and clone USB stick including partitions command

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} I need to copy and clone existing data from a USB stick. How do I clone a bootable USB key/pen drive on Linux? How do I clone a USB stick including partitions on Linux operating system?

The post Linux copy and clone USB stick including partitions command appeared first on nixCraft.

How To Run Multiple SSH Command On Remote Machine And Exit Safely

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I run multiple commands in bash on a remote Unix or Linux server? What is the best way to SSH in and run various unix commands in a bash shell?

The post How To Run Multiple SSH Command On Remote Machine And Exit Safely appeared first on nixCraft.

How to determine number of CPUs on Linux using command line

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux system admin. How do I obtain the number of CPUs and cores in the Linux system from the command line? How do I determine the number of CPUs on Linux?

The post How to determine number of CPUs on Linux using command line appeared first on nixCraft.

Check if a directory exists in Linux or Unix shell

Par : Vivek Gite

I need to check if a directory exists or not, within a shell script running on Linux or Unix-like system? How do I check if a directory exists in a shell script?

The post Check if a directory exists in Linux or Unix shell appeared first on nixCraft.

How to check hard drive health on FreeBSD

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I read my hard disk/SSD health using smartctl command on FreeBSD operating system? How can I hard drive health on FreeBSD and find out if my disk is dying?

The post How to check hard drive health on FreeBSD appeared first on nixCraft.

Find out what processes are running in the background on Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new CentOS Linux server sysadmin. How do I find out what processes are running in the background on Linux operating systems?

The post Find out what processes are running in the background on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux/UNIX: Bash Read a File Line By Line

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I read a text file line by line under a Linux or UNIX-like system using KSH or BASH shell? How do I read a file line by line in bash script?

The post Linux/UNIX: Bash Read a File Line By Line appeared first on nixCraft.

How to rename multiple folders in Linux using command line

Par : Vivek Gite

I am new to Linux programming and bash shell commands. I have a folder structure as dir1, dir2, dir3 and I would like to rename it as dir001, dir002, dir003. How do you rename multiple folders in Linux?

The post How to rename multiple folders in Linux using command line appeared first on nixCraft.

How to compile and install Linux Kernel 5.2.19 from source code

Par : Vivek Gite

Compiling a custom kernel has its advantages and disadvantages. However, new Linux user/admin find it difficult to compile Linux kernel. Compiling kernel needs to understand few things and then type a couple of commands. This step by step howto covers compiling Linux kernel version 5.2.19 under an Ubuntu or Debian Linux. The following instructions successfully tested on an RHEL 7/CentOS 7 (and clones), Debian Linux, Ubuntu Linux and Fedora Linux 28/29. However, instructions remain the same for any other Linux distribution.

The post How to compile and install Linux Kernel 5.2.19 from source code appeared first on nixCraft.

Use oathtool Linux command line for 2 step verification (2FA)

Par : Vivek Gite

I do not wish to use Google Authenticator or Authy app that generates 2 step verification (2FA) codes on my iOS/Android phone. Is there any way I can produce 2FA codes from Linux command line for popular sites such as Gmail, Twitter, Facebook, Amazon and more?

The post Use oathtool Linux command line for 2 step verification (2FA) appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade Fedora 29 to Fedora 30

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I upgrade to Fedora 30 from Fedora 29 Using the dnf command? How can I update F29 to F30? Can you tell me the procedure to upgrade Fedora 29 to Fedora 30?

The post How to upgrade Fedora 29 to Fedora 30 appeared first on nixCraft.

How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?

Par : Vivek Gite

Whenever a Linux system CPU is occupied by a process, it is unavailable for processing other requests. Rest of pending requests must wait until the CPU is free. This becomes a bottleneck in the system. Following command will help you to identify CPU utilization, so that you can troubleshoot CPU-related performance problems on a Linux-based system.

The post How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization? appeared first on nixCraft.

How to check running process in Ubuntu using command line

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new sysadmin for the Ubuntu operating system. How do I check running process in Ubuntu using the command line option?

The post How to check running process in Ubuntu using command line appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux disable firewall command

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux system administrator. I have a hardware-based firewall, so I don't need a firewall on each server. How do I disable the firewall on Linux?

The post Linux disable firewall command appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux Find Out Graphics Card Installed In My System

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I find out which graphics card installed in my Linux desktop system? How do I find our RAM size of my GPU in Linux?

The post Linux Find Out Graphics Card Installed In My System appeared first on nixCraft.

How do I check if a port is in use on Linux?

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux system user. I need to find out which process is listening on a port on Linux using the command line. How do you find out which process is listening on a port on Linux operating systems?

The post How do I check if a port is in use on Linux? appeared first on nixCraft.

40 Linux Server Hardening Security Tips [2019 edition]

Par : Vivek Gite

A quick checklist of security points to check before exposing a Linux server on the Internet.

The post 40 Linux Server Hardening Security Tips [2019 edition] appeared first on nixCraft.

How to change the ssh port on Linux or Unix server

Par : Vivek Gite

{Updated} New user guide. Learn how to change the SSH port on Linux and Unix including SELinux and firewall config options

The post How to change the ssh port on Linux or Unix server appeared first on nixCraft.

Install and Configure an OpenVPN on Debian 9 In 5 Minutes

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Debian Linux version 9 server user. How do I setup an OpenVPN Server on Debian Linux version 9.x or 8.x server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, and more? How can I Setup a VPN with OpenVPN on Debian 9 Stretch Linux server hosted at AWS cloud?

The post Install and Configure an OpenVPN on Debian 9 In 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft.

RHEL 8 install Python 3 or Python 2 using yum

Par : Vivek Gite

I need to install Python 3 for Ansible IT automation tool on RHEL 8. How do I install Python 3 on RHEL 8? Is it possible to install Python 2 for legacy apps on RHEL 8?

The post RHEL 8 install Python 3 or Python 2 using yum appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install htop on Alpine Linux using apk

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new user of Alpine Linux. How do I install htop on Alpine Linux using the apk command?

The post How to install htop on Alpine Linux using apk appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux kernel 5.0 released and here is how to install it

Par : Vivek Gite

Linus Torvalds the creator and the principal developer of the Linux kernel announced the release of Linux kernel version 5.0. This release increases the major kernel version number to 5. from 4.x. The new change does not mean anything and does not affect programs in any way. From the mailing list:

Te overall changes for all of the 5.0 release are much bigger. But I'd like to point out (yet again) that we don't do feature-based releases, and that "5.0" doesn't mean anything more than that the 4.x numbers started getting big enough that I ran out of fingers and toes.

The post Linux kernel 5.0 released and here is how to install it appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux OpenSSH server deny root user access / log in

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I block access to root user over ssh session on my Linux server? How can I block root user log in over ssh based session for security reasons?

The post Linux OpenSSH server deny root user access / log in appeared first on nixCraft.

Configure Ubuntu Pi-hole for Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS

Par : Vivek Gite

I installed OpenVPN VPN solutions on Ubuntu for my businesses to secure all data communications. I also set up Pin-hole ad blocker on Ubuntu server along with OpenVPN. How do I force Pi-hole to use Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS (DoH) to increase my privacy and security by preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data by man-in-the-middle attacks?

The post Configure Ubuntu Pi-hole for Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS appeared first on nixCraft.

Increase your Linux server Internet speed with TCP BBR congestion control

Par : Vivek Gite

Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT (BBR) congestion control on Linux makes your server network and Internet faster. BBR is, in my opinion, one of the most critical improvements to Linux networking stacks in recent years. This page explains how to enable BBR on Linux

The post Increase your Linux server Internet speed with TCP BBR congestion control appeared first on nixCraft.

Perl: warning: Setting locale failed in Debian and Ubuntu

Par : Vivek Gite

I am trying to install package and doing some other work. But, getting the error that read as "perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:" How do I fix this problem on my Debian Linux server?

The post Perl: warning: Setting locale failed in Debian and Ubuntu appeared first on nixCraft.

Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS released and here is how to upgrade it

Par : Vivek Gite

The Canonical LTD has released an updated version of its long term support (LTS) Linux distribution Ubuntu Linux 18.04.02. You must upgrade to get corrections for security problem as this version made a few adjustments for the severe issue found in Ubuntu version 18.04.02. The Ubuntu LTS enablement (also called HWE or Hardware Enablement) stacks provide newer kernel and X support for existing Ubuntu LTS releases. These enablement stacks can be installed manually but are also available when installing with Ubuntu LTS point release media. These newer enablement stacks are meant for desktop and server and even recommended for cloud or virtual images.

The post Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS released and here is how to upgrade it appeared first on nixCraft.

How to ping and test for a specific port from Linux or Unix command line

Par : Vivek Gite

I wanted to see if a specific port of a desktop computer or server is open from a Linux or Unix command line shell. How do I ping a specific port? Is it possible possible to ping an 192.168.1.254:80 or 192.168.1.254:23 ports?

The post How to ping and test for a specific port from Linux or Unix command line appeared first on nixCraft.

How to find a folder in Linux using the command line

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I find files and folders in Linux using the bash command line? What is the command to find a folder in Linux?

The post How to find a folder in Linux using the command line appeared first on nixCraft.

Helios4 Arm-Based Open Source NAS SBC For Linux/FreeBSD

Par : Vivek Gite

Helios4 is ARM-based open source NAS SBC (Single-board computer) for Linux. This NAS (Network Attached Storage) comes with 4 SATA 3.0 port and comes with ECC memory. Let us see some details about the Helios4 Arm-Based Open Source NAS SBC and ongoing Kickstarter camping.

The post Helios4 Arm-Based Open Source NAS SBC For Linux/FreeBSD appeared first on nixCraft.

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