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You can use the reboot or shutdown -r now to reboot the Linux system. However, this doesn't scale well if you have many Alpine Linux servers (or clusters based upon Alpine Linux) and need to reboot the server only if a new Linux kernel is installed. Let us see how to use the Ansible IT automation tool to reboot the Alpine Linux VM or server only when a new Linux kernel is installed.
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The post How to reboot Alpine Linux using Ansible when kernel is updated appeared first on nixCraft.
The iptables and ip6tables commands are used to set up a Linux firewall. However, many new Linux sysadmins and users find it challenging to use iptables. Hence, the ufw program is for managing a Linux firewall and aims to provide an easy-to-use interface for the user. This page explains how to add a comment to your ufw firewall rules.
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The post How do you add comments on UFW firewall rule? appeared first on nixCraft.
Sometimes I need a specific Ansible module from ansible-galaxy to carry out a particular type of automation. But I don't know if it is already installed or not or bundled with Ansible when I installed the latest version on Ubuntu Linux. So here is a quick command-line tip for finding out if the Ansible module is installed or not on your development workstations powered by Linux, Unix or macOS.
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The post How to check if Ansible collection is installed or not appeared first on nixCraft.
I already wrote about setting up wildcard Let’s Encrypt SSL/TLS with AWS Route53 DNS for Nginx or Apache. One of my clients decided to use Cloudflare CDN and DNS at some point. They changed their DNS to Cloudflare. Naturally, their wildcard certificate failed because it was using Route53 DNS authentication to issue the certificate. Let us see how to convert existing or expired TLS/SSL certification renewal from AWS Route53 to Cloudflare.
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The post How To Convert AWS Route53 to Cloudflare Let’s Encrypt DNS challenge with acme.sh appeared first on nixCraft.
First, there is no fsck command for ZFS, which Linux and Unix use for file system repair. However, ZFS comes with a scrub option. This subcommand is a root-initiated dynamic consistency check. It runs in the background on a mounted live filesystem. Hence, we use the zpool scrub command for ZFS storage and test file system integrity. Let us see how to check ZFS File system storage pool on Linux, FreeBSD or Unix-like systems using the command-line option.
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The post How to check ZFS File system storage pool on Linux/Unix appeared first on nixCraft.
When working with Ubuntu, Debian Linux, and ZFS, you will run into ZFS cache size problems. You see, not all Ubuntu or Debian servers need aggressive file caching. Some servers act as a web server or run Linux container workloads or KVM guest VMs where you want those guest VMs to manage their own caching. Therefore, it would be best to have tons of ECC RAM for ZFS. Unfortunately, not all projects get that kind of extravagance in real life. This page explains how to set up ZFS arc size on Ubuntu/Debian or any Linux distro of your choice. So that, Linux kernel avoid running out of memory.
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The post How to set up ZFS ARC size on Ubuntu/Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Typically we use the lscpu command or /proc/cpuinfo command on Linux to check CPU information. I recently found another simplistic yet fancier CPU architecture fetching tool inspired by neofetch, pfetch or screenfetch. Let us see how to install cpufetch on Linux, macOS, Android, and Windows to fetch CPU details.
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The post cpufetch – awesome CPU architecture info tool for Linux and macOS appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a big fan of LXD, a next-generation Linux system container manager and default on Ubuntu. It allows me to run desktop apps or server apps in an isolated environment. Ubuntu provides LXD with robust security in mind. However, this might lead to undesired side effects, such as individual packages under OpenSUSE or CentOS Linux may not be updated. One such package is the filesystem package. Let us see how to fix Error: Transaction failed when you try to update filesystem package under CentOS, OpenSUSE, and other Linux containers running under LXD.
The post Linux Filesystem Error: Transaction failed when using LXD appeared first on nixCraft.
Dart is easy to use BSD licensed programming language to build mobile, desktop, server, and web apps. Google creates and maintains the Dart ecosystem. It follows C-style syntax. We can compile code either to the native platform or JavaScript. Flutter allows building iOS/Android mobile and desktop/web apps from a single code base. Let us see how to install Dart programming language on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux and set vim as IDE.
The post How to install Dart on Linux and set up VIM as IDE appeared first on nixCraft.
So how do you stream audio from your Apple iOS or Google Android phone to your laptop speaker? Let us see how to set up a Bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone to your Linux based laptop or desktop that got better audio speakers.
The post Linux set up bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone appeared first on nixCraft.
Alpine Wall (Awall) is an easy to use interface to iptables for Alpine Linux users. While iptables and ip6tables is an excellent command, it can be challenging for new Alpine Linux users. The awall tool has easy to follow high-level concepts such as zones, limits, policies, and a single source for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial will show you how to set up a firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux.
The post How To Set Up a Firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Linux system developer and user. How do I create a Linux swap file from the command line option for my cloud server? How can I add swap space on my Ubuntu 20.04 LTS or CentOS Linux 7/8 server?
The post How to create a Linux swap file appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using Debian / Ubuntu Linux server. How do I save iptables rules permanently on Linux using the CLI added using the iptables command? How can I store iptables IPv4 and IPv6 rules permanently on the Debian Linux cloud server?
The post How to save iptables firewall rules permanently on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
One of my PHP and bash scripts depends upon less command to display the help system to other users. But, whenever they run less on a particular version of CentOS or RHEL cloud server, they get an error that reads as: "bash: less: command not found." How do I install less utility on CentOS or RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Fedora Linux server? How can I configure Linux containers such as Docker or Podman to install less automatically?
The post How to install less on CentOS / RHEL / Fedora appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I get a wildcard TLS/SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt using acme.sh and AWS Route53? How can I set up wildcard Let’s Encrypt SSL with AWS Route53 for Nginx or Apache?
The post Route 53 Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificate with acme.sh appeared first on nixCraft.
When I install s3cmd package on my FreeBSD system and try to use the s3cmd command I get the following error:
ERROR: Test failed: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091)
How do I fix this problem on FreeBSD Unix system?
The post ERROR: Test failed: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091) appeared first on nixCraft.
I read your Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate acme.sh tutorial. But, I need to set up and use Cloudflare DNS with acme.sh. How do I secure my Nginx web server with Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate issue with Cloudflare DNS?
The post How to issue Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificate with acme.sh and Cloudflare DNS appeared first on nixCraft.
I am getting the following error and my app stops working:
2020/07/12 14:32:03 [error] 45625#45625: *10918 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 139.xxx.yyy.zzz, server: www.nixcraft.com, request: "POST /app/mg/posts HTTP/2.0", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock:", host: "www.nixcraft.com", referrer: "https://www.nixcraft.com/mg/admin/index.app"
How do I fix this error for Nginx web server running on Linux or Unix-like systems?
The post Nginx upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream appeared first on nixCraft.
Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority for your website, email server, database server and more. This page shows how to use Let's Encrypt to install certificate for Nginx web server get SSL labs A+ score on an OpenSUSE Linux version 15.1 or 15.2
The post How to secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on OpenSUSE 15.1/15.2 appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up WireGuard Firewall rules (iptables) in Linux?
The post How To Set Up WireGuard Firewall Rules in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I secure Apache with mod_md Let's Encrypt on Ubuntu 20.04 and obtain a free TLS/SSL certificate? How do I secure Apache 2 with Let's Encrypt on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server?
The post How To Secure Apache with mod_md Let’s Encrypt on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I forcefully renew the Letsencrypt certificate on an Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, or FreeBSD Unix systems?
The post How to forcefully renew Let’s Encrypt certificate appeared first on nixCraft.
The post Systemd systemctl list all failed units/services on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
The post How To Configure Firewall with UFW on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS appeared first on nixCraft.
The post Ansible zypper update all packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux operating systems so that I can view all dropped packets information? How can I view a log of the traffic blocked by FirewallD under a CentOS/RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Suse/OpenSUSE Linux?
The post How to enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Linux server sysadmin. I need to delete the PREROUTING rule. How do I delete the prerouting rule on Linux server?
The post Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command appeared first on nixCraft.
I have a bunch of servers powered by Ubuntu and Debian Linux. How do I update all of them using the apt module of Ansible? How can I use Ansible for system updates and reboot the box when kernel upgrades took place?
The post Ansible apt update all packages on Ubuntu / Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I increased the size of the volume in Linux using my cloud service providers' online tool. My original disk size was 200GB, and I grew to 400GB. However, I only able to use 200GB and not 400GB. How do I resizing my disk and extend the file system resizing a disk volume?
The post Linux extend file system after resize disk volume appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I remove Santa Hat in VLC media player that displayed during Christmas time during 18th December to 1st January?
The post Remove Santa Hat in VLC Player Permanently appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I test and validate DNSSEC using the dig command line under Linux, macOS, *BSD, and Unix-like systems?
The post How to test and validate DNSSEC using dig command line appeared first on nixCraft.
I set up a new cloud server, but my auto-completion of bash shell commands are not working. How do I enable autocomplete feature in CentOS 8 (CentOS Enterprise Linux 8)? How do I write simple bash completion code in CentOS 8?
The post How to add bash auto completion in CentOS 8 Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new OpenSUSE Linux 15.x sysadmin. How do I set up a firewall using FirwallD on OpenSUSE Linux 15.1?
The post How to set up a firewall using FirewallD on OpenSUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am running file /usr/sbin/arp command on a Debian VM minimal but getting an error that read as:
bash: file: command not foundHow do I fix this error on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux system? How can I install file command on Linux cloud?
The post bash: file: command not found. How to install file appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install Linux, nginx, MySQL, PHP (LEMP) stack on Amazon Linux AMI running on AWS?
The post Amazon Linux AMI Install Linux, nginx, MySQL, PHP (LEMP) appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up a basic iptables firewall on Amazon Linux AMI running on EC2 or Lightsail instance?
The post Set Up a Basic Iptables Firewall on Amazon Linux AMI appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I remove all unused old kernels in Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS using the command line?
The post Ubuntu 18.04 remove all unused old kernels appeared first on nixCraft.
I read that Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate for web server and other usages. How do I secure Apache with Let's Encrypt Certificates on CentOS 8?
The post Apache with Let’s Encrypt Certificates on CentOS 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
I noticed that /var/cache/apt/archives/ taking lots of disk space on my AWS EC2 cloud server powered by Debian Linux. Can I delete /var/cache/apt/archives/ folder? Is it safe to remove all files? Do we absolutely necessary to keep all these files?
The post Can I delete /var/cache/apt/archives for Ubuntu/Debian Linux? appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I remove and delete a UFW firewall rule running on Ubuntu or Debian Linux?
The post How to delete a UFW firewall rule on Ubuntu / Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I read my hard disk/SSD health using smartctl command on FreeBSD operating system? How can I hard drive health on FreeBSD and find out if my disk is dying?
The post How to check hard drive health on FreeBSD appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Linux system administrator. I have a hardware-based firewall, so I don't need a firewall on each server. How do I disable the firewall on Linux?
The post Linux disable firewall command appeared first on nixCraft.
I installed OpenVPN VPN solutions on Ubuntu for my businesses to secure all data communications. I also set up Pin-hole ad blocker on Ubuntu server along with OpenVPN. How do I force Pi-hole to use Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS (DoH) to increase my privacy and security by preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data by man-in-the-middle attacks?
The post Configure Ubuntu Pi-hole for Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS appeared first on nixCraft.
I am trying to install package and doing some other work. But, getting the error that read as "perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:" How do I fix this problem on my Debian Linux server?
The post Perl: warning: Setting locale failed in Debian and Ubuntu appeared first on nixCraft.
Shell script to set up an LXD (Linux Containers) VM lab for testing purpose
Linux/Unix bash shell script to purge Cloudflare url/images from the…
Shell script to update all lxd container hypervisor
Shell script to reset ebtables on Linux
Shell script to update original visitor IP for nginx when using Cloudflare
I am a new CentOS Linux 7 desktop user. How do I install Google Chrome 72 on CentOS 7 Linux desktop?
The post Install Google Chrome 73 on CentOS 7 using yum command appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Fedora Linux user. How can I download and install Oracle VirtualBox 6 on my Fedora Linux 29 workstations?
The post How to install VirtualBox 6 on Fedora Linux 29 appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install Ansible on Fedora 29 workstation? How can I set up and test Ansible playbooks using my Fedora Linux desktop?
The post How to install Ansible on Fedora 29 for IT and server automation appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Fedora Linux user. I need to install and set up Chromium for testing purpose. How do I install Chromium browser in my Fedora Linux workstation?
The post Install Chromium browser in Fedora 29 using dnf command appeared first on nixCraft.
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