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À partir d’avant-hiernixCraft

How to view the open file limit for a Linux process

Par : Vivek Gite
See all GNU/Linux related FAQ

Do you need to view the open file limit for a Linux process? Try "limits" files in /proc/${PID} directory with its process ID (PID) or ulimit command or prlimit command to see the open file limit for a Linux process.

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The post How to view the open file limit for a Linux process appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.4 to 15.5 using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite
See all OpenSUSE Linux related FAQ

The latest version of OpenSUSE Linux, version 15.5 "Leap," has been released. This version offers unparalleled stability due to its use of the SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) source and community developments. Hence, this makes it the best choice for a stable Linux experience for users, developers, and system administrators. This page explains how to upgrade from OpenSUSE 15.4 to 15.5 using the CLI.

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The post How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.4 to 15.5 using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

How to refresh and reload group membership on Linux without a reboot or logging in again

Par : Vivek Gite
See all GNU/Linux related FAQ

Do you want to refresh and reload the group membership on Linux without rebooting the Linux machine or logging in again? Try the newgrp command to log in to a new group without logging in again or reboot the system.

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The post How to refresh and reload group membership on Linux without a reboot or logging in again appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.3 to 15.4 using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite
See all OpenSUSE Linux related FAQ

Right now, the most advanced OpenSUSE version is 15.4. It is an opportunity for desktop and server users running the previous 15.3 release to update to the latest software stack. The procedure for upgrading OpenSUSE 15.3 to 15.4 is simple to follow. This tutorial will walk you through the process of upgrading OpenSUSE 15.3 to 15.4.

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The post How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.3 to 15.4 using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install memcached on OpenSUSE / SUSE Linux

Par : Vivek Gite
See all Novell Suse / OpenSuse Linux related FAQ

While working with the client's system, I noticed that the database would come under load due to increased demand. After reviewing the code, the developer and I conclude that something like memcached will improve performance by caching queries. This page explains how to install a memcached server on OpenSUSE or SUSE enterprise Linux server using the ssh command.

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The post How to install memcached on OpenSUSE / SUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3 using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite
See all OpenSUSE Linux related FAQ

The most advanced OpenSUSE version is 15.3 and is an opportunity for both desktop and server users on the previous 15.2 release to update OpenSUSE Linux to get the newest software stack. It is easy to follow the procedure to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3. In this tutorial, we will explain how to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3.

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The post How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3 using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

How to list all installed packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE Linux

Par : Vivek Gite
See all OpenSUSE Linux related FAQ

So you want to see a list of all packages installed on your SUSE Linux or OpenSUSE Linux system? Try these simple tips for listing all packages.

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The post How to list all installed packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

OpenSUSE install Brotli module for Nginx

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I install or add Brotli compression support to Nginx on OpenSUSE Linux to speed up my webpages and apps?

The post OpenSUSE install Brotli module for Nginx appeared first on nixCraft.

How to issue Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificate with acme.sh and Cloudflare DNS

Par : Vivek Gite

Cloudflare DNS with acme.sh
I read your Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate acme.sh tutorial. But, I need to set up and use Cloudflare DNS with acme.sh. How do I secure my Nginx web server with Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate issue with Cloudflare DNS?

The post How to issue Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificate with acme.sh and Cloudflare DNS appeared first on nixCraft.

How to list installed Nginx modules and compiled flags

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I list installed Nginx modules? How can I find which flags the Nginx server compiled with on Linux and Unix-like operating systems?

The post How to list installed Nginx modules and compiled flags appeared first on nixCraft.

How to Install PHP on OpenSUSE 15.2/15.1

Par : Vivek Gite

In this tutorial, you will learn how to install PHP 7.4 on OpenSUSE Linux 15.2/15.1 and configure it with Nginx. PHP is server-side and very popular for various PHP frameworks such as Symfony, Laravel, and open source apps like MediaWiki, WordPress, Nextcloud, and more.

This entry is 3 of 3 in the OpenSUSE Linux LEMP Stack Tutorial series. Keep reading the rest of the series:

  1. Install and use Nginx on OpenSUSE Linux
  2. Secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt on OpenSUSE Linux
  3. Install PHP on OpenSUSE Linux 15.2/15.1

The post How to Install PHP on OpenSUSE 15.2/15.1 appeared first on nixCraft.

Nginx upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream

Par : Vivek Gite

Nginx upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream

I am getting the following error and my app stops working:
    2020/07/12 14:32:03 [error] 45625#45625: *10918 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 139.xxx.yyy.zzz, server: www.nixcraft.com, request: "POST /app/mg/posts HTTP/2.0", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock:", host: "www.nixcraft.com", referrer: "https://www.nixcraft.com/mg/admin/index.app"
How do I fix this error for Nginx web server running on Linux or Unix-like systems?

The post Nginx upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream appeared first on nixCraft.

How to secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on OpenSUSE 15.1/15.2

Par : Vivek Gite

Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority for your website, email server, database server and more. This page shows how to use Let's Encrypt to install certificate for Nginx web server get SSL labs A+ score on an OpenSUSE Linux version 15.1 or 15.2

The post How to secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on OpenSUSE 15.1/15.2 appeared first on nixCraft.

OpenSUSE install lsof package to get rid of ‘zypper ps’ errors

Par : Vivek Gite

I run the following command but getting error:
$ zypper ps
    Check failed:
    Please install package 'lsof' first.

How do I fix this error? How can I use the 'zypper ps' command on SELS/OpenSUSE 15.1/15.2 to find out if system reboot requires or not?

The post OpenSUSE install lsof package to get rid of ‘zypper ps’ errors appeared first on nixCraft.

How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.1 to 15.2 using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite

The latest OpenSUSE version is 15.2 and is an opportunity for both desktop and server users on the previous 15.1 release to update OpenSUSE Linux to get the newest software stack. It is easy to follow the procedure to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.1 to 15.2. In this tutorial, we will explain how to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.1 to 15.2.

The post How to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.1 to 15.2 using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install vim on OpenSUSE/SUSE Linux using zypper

Par : Vivek Gite

I need VIM text editor on my OpenSUSE cloud server, and it is missing. How do I install vim on OpenSUSE/SUSE Linux cloud server?

The post How to install vim on OpenSUSE/SUSE Linux using zypper appeared first on nixCraft.

How to hide Nginx version on Linux and Unix

Par : Vivek Gite

By default, the Nginx version displayed when you query HTTP headers or error generated by the Nginx server. This quick guide explains how to hide or remove the Nginx version on Linux or Unix server without restarting the system.

The post How to hide Nginx version on Linux and Unix appeared first on nixCraft.

How to configure AWS SES with Postfix MTA

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I configure Amazon SES With Postfix mail server to send email under a CentOS/RHEL/Fedora/Ubuntu/Debian Linux server?

The post How to configure AWS SES with Postfix MTA appeared first on nixCraft.

How to find ulimit for user on Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

How can I find the correct ulimit values for a user account or process on Linux systems?

The post How to find ulimit for user on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to extract tar.xz files in Linux and unzip all files

Par : Vivek Gite


How do I extract tar.xz files in Linux? Can you tell me command to unzip linux-5.6.13.tar.xz file? How can I uncompressing (or decompressing) all files in the current directory?

The post How to extract tar.xz files in Linux and unzip all files appeared first on nixCraft.

Nginx restore real IP address when behind a reverse proxy

Par : Vivek Gite

Nginx restore real IP address when nginx server is behind a reverse proxy

My Nginx web server is behind a reverse proxy server. How do I restore the original and real IP address of my client/visitors when behind a reverse proxy server such as AWS Cloudfront, Fastly, Cloudflare CDN/WAF?

The post Nginx restore real IP address when behind a reverse proxy appeared first on nixCraft.

How to forcefully renew Let’s Encrypt certificate

Par : Vivek Gite

Forcefully renew Letsencrypt certificate for Nginx and Apache web server

How do I forcefully renew the Letsencrypt certificate on an Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, or FreeBSD Unix systems?

The post How to forcefully renew Let’s Encrypt certificate appeared first on nixCraft.

How to sed remove last character from each line

Par : Vivek Gite

I need to remove the last character from a line and shell variable such as "${_allowed_ips}". For example, each line is as follows in my file:
foo,
bar,
demo,

I need output as follows:
foo
bar
demo
.
How can I use sed to delete the last character?

The post How to sed remove last character from each line appeared first on nixCraft.

How To Create a Sudo User on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I create a new user with sudo access on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux server? Can you tell me command to add sudo user on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux server?

The post How To Create a Sudo User on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS appeared first on nixCraft.

Systemd systemctl list all failed units/services on Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

Is there is a command to print list all failed units or services when using systemd on Linux? Can you tell me the systemctl command to show failed services on Linux?

The post Systemd systemctl list all failed units/services on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux uninstall package / software using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I uninstall package or software using the command line in Linux operating systems? How can I uninstall software on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux? Can you tell me command to uninstall package on a CentOS/RHEL/Oracle/Fedora Linux?

The post Linux uninstall package / software using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

Ansible zypper update all packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE

Par : Vivek Gite

I got a cluster of servers powered by OpenSUSE / SUSE Enterprise Linux. How can I update all of them using the zypper module of Ansible? How can I use Ansible for system updates and reboot the server when kernel upgrades took place on SUSE/OpenSUSE?

The post Ansible zypper update all packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE appeared first on nixCraft.

How to enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux operating systems so that I can view all dropped packets information? How can I view a log of the traffic blocked by FirewallD under a CentOS/RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Suse/OpenSUSE Linux?

The post How to enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux server sysadmin. I need to delete the PREROUTING rule. How do I delete the prerouting rule on Linux server?

The post Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command appeared first on nixCraft.

OpenSUSE install sudo to execute commands as root

Par : Vivek Gite

There is no sudo installed by default on my OpenSUSE Linux server. Other users and I need to use 'su -' command to run commands as root. How do I install a sudo package on OpenSUSE Linux?

The post OpenSUSE install sudo to execute commands as root appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux find Windows 10 OEM product key command

Par : Vivek Gite

I removed and installed Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS on my development Lenovo laptop. However, I need to use my Windows 10 pro in KVM VM for running the accounting app. How do I find and print my embedded Windows 10 pro key from a Linux command line option? How can I retrieve Microsoft Windows 8 and 10 OEM product key from BIOS?

The post Linux find Windows 10 OEM product key command appeared first on nixCraft.

Add a new user account with admin access on Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I add a user account with admin (sudo) access on Ubuntu or CentOS Linux cloud server? How can I add a new user with admin account level access in Linux?

The post Add a new user account with admin access on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to install htop on OpenSUSE Linux using zypper

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new sysadmin of OpenSUSE Linux operating system. How do I install htop on OpenSUSE using the zypper command?

The post How to install htop on OpenSUSE Linux using zypper appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux check the physical health of a USB stick [ Flash drive ]

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I check the physical health of a USB stick in Linux operating systems? How do I check USB flash drive in Linux? Can you tell me Linux command to test and detect bad sector in USB flash memory or pen drives?

The post Linux check the physical health of a USB stick [ Flash drive ] appeared first on nixCraft.

Add / Create a Sudo User on CentOS Linux 8

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I add / create a sudo user on CentOS Linux 8 using the command line?

The post Add / Create a Sudo User on CentOS Linux 8 appeared first on nixCraft.

How to add or mount directory in LXD (Linux container)

Par : Vivek Gite

I have two LXD containers running. One is for Nginx, and another is for processing data. I need to share data between two containers. How do I add or mount a shared directory between two?

The post How to add or mount directory in LXD (Linux container) appeared first on nixCraft.

How to set up a firewall using FirewallD on OpenSUSE Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new OpenSUSE Linux 15.x sysadmin. How do I set up a firewall using FirwallD on OpenSUSE Linux 15.1?

The post How to set up a firewall using FirewallD on OpenSUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

How to Create a new user account in CentOS 7/8

Par : Vivek Gite

How do I create a new user account on CentOS 7/8 Linux server using command-line options? How do I create a new user account with sudo access on CentOS 8 Linux server?

The post How to Create a new user account in CentOS 7/8 appeared first on nixCraft.

Linux run a command with a time limit (timeout)

Par : Vivek Gite

I want to start command called foo, and kill it if still running after given DURATION in seconds. How do I run a command a time Limit on Linux? How do I run a Linux command, and have it timeout (abort) after N seconds?

The post Linux run a command with a time limit (timeout) appeared first on nixCraft.

How to add users on FreeBSD using adduser or pw

Par : Vivek Gite

I am a new FreeBSD system administrator. How do I add users on FreeBSD Unix operating systems using command line?

The post How to add users on FreeBSD using adduser or pw appeared first on nixCraft.

How to check open ports in Linux using the CLI

Par : Vivek Gite

I need to list all open ports in Linux cloud server. How do I check open ports in Linux using the CLI? Can you give me the command to check open ports in Linux operating system?

The post How to check open ports in Linux using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.

Disable SELinux on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 / Fedora Linux

Par : Vivek Gite

I need to disable SELinux on CentOS 7. How can I disable SELinux from the command line over ssh based session?

The post Disable SELinux on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 / Fedora Linux appeared first on nixCraft.

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