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If you’re using RHEL, CentOS, Rocky, Fedora, or Alma Linux, you may encounter situations where you must list files in a package before installing it. Similarly, there might be instances where you need to locate a specific configuration file after installing the package. In this guide, I’ll provide a quick tip for developers and sysadmins […]
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The post How to list package files with dnf in Linux (RHEL, CentOS, Rocky, Fedora, and Alma Linux) appeared first on nixCraft.
Am I using X11 (Xorg) or Wayland? Here is how to check for Wayland or Xorg (X11) Linux desktops using the CLI and GUI options.
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Sometimes we must kill a process or user account by tty name in Linux. It would be best if you used w command or who command to print users accessing tty and then run the pkill command against processes whose controlling terminal is listed by the -t option.
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Do you want to refresh and reload the group membership on Linux without rebooting the Linux machine or logging in again? Try the newgrp command to log in to a new group without logging in again or reboot the system.
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The post How to refresh and reload group membership on Linux without a reboot or logging in again appeared first on nixCraft.
I have a tutorial that explains the basics of the SSH client configuration file and some of the most common configuration options for Linux and Unix developers or sysadmin. In this quick tip, I will explain how and why you sometimes need to ignore or exclude the ssh client config file under Linux, Unix, *BSD and macOS.
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A Ubuntu 22.04 LTS comes with UFW (uncomplicated firewall) that protects the desktop or server against unauthorized access. UFW is easy to use frontend app for a Linux packet filtering system called Netfilter. Traditionally Netfilter rules are set up or configured using the iptables command by developers and sysadmins. However, new Ubuntu Linux users and developers unfamiliar with firewall concepts find Netfilter syntax confusing. Hence, the ufw project provides easy to use frontend for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux server and desktop. It is so super easy to set up. You can configure UFW in under 5 minutes and secure your host.
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The post Ubuntu 22.04 Set Up UFW Firewall in 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft.
Sometimes I need a specific Ansible module from ansible-galaxy to carry out a particular type of automation. But I don't know if it is already installed or not or bundled with Ansible when I installed the latest version on Ubuntu Linux. So here is a quick command-line tip for finding out if the Ansible module is installed or not on your development workstations powered by Linux, Unix or macOS.
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The post How to check if Ansible collection is installed or not appeared first on nixCraft.
Most of us use love and use the jq command. It works on Linux or Unix-like systems to extract data from JSON documents. Recently I found htmlq, which is like jq and written in Rust lang. Imagine being able to sed or grep for HTML data. We can search, slice, and filter HTML data with htmlq. Let us see how to install and use this handy tool on Linux or Unix and play with HTML data.
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The post How to use htmlq to extract content from HTML files on Linux, macOS or FreeBSD appeared first on nixCraft.
Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) is a hosted cloud-based email service to send and receive email using your email addresses and domains. Typically SES is used for sending bulk email or routing emails without hosting MTA. One can use the CLI or server-side programming languages such as PHP or Python to transfer an email via SES. This quick tutorial will show you how to route all outgoing emails with Postfix and Amazon AWS SES on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or CentOS version 8.
The post How to send emails with Postfix and Amazon AWS SES on RHEL/CentOS 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
I talked about yum-cron that provides auto yum updates nightly via cron. However, this package is no longer available on CentOS/RHEL 8 or Fedora Linux 29 or above. So how do you enable and install updates atomically on a CentOS/RHEL version 8.x? They have a new package called dnf-automatic. This page explains how to install and then enable dnf-automatic to install updates for you in the background.
The post How to enable automatic updates for RHEL/CentOS 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
Dart is easy to use BSD licensed programming language to build mobile, desktop, server, and web apps. Google creates and maintains the Dart ecosystem. It follows C-style syntax. We can compile code either to the native platform or JavaScript. Flutter allows building iOS/Android mobile and desktop/web apps from a single code base. Let us see how to install Dart programming language on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux and set vim as IDE.
The post How to install Dart on Linux and set up VIM as IDE appeared first on nixCraft.
Despite some severe bugs in sudo, it remains the defacto tool to gain root shell or run command as another user on Linux, macOS, and Unix-like systems. The sudo command allows the system administrator to grant an individual user access to unprivileged commands. For instance, I can give developers the ability to restart the Apache webserver or PHP/Python process on a Linux server. Let us see how to remind developers and unprivileged users about the power of sudo for fun and profit. In this quick tip, I will show you how to add some spice to your sudo session with a lecture file on Linux or Unix.
The post Adding spice to your sudo session with a lecture file on Linux or Unix appeared first on nixCraft.
Any logged-in unprivileged user can abuse an old bug in sudo to gain root privileges. It was rated as an important security issue for Linux and Unix-like operating systems. The Qualys research team has discovered the heap overflow vulnerability in sudo itself has been hiding in plain sight for nearly 10 years. The bug allows any local users to gain root access without authentication (no user's password needed). We need to apply patches to our operating systems as soon as possible.
The post Critical bug in sudo puts Linux and Unix systems at risk appeared first on nixCraft.
I have two columns (fields) in my text file. I am trying to insert '|
FOO This is a description
BAR Another description for bar
TEXT Another description for TEXT
So I ran awk '{ print $1 "|"; $1=""; print}' input > output but print command is adding a new line:
FOO|
This is a description
BAR|
Another description for bar
TEXT|
Another description for TEXT
Is there any way to tell awk not to print a newline and create the file? Here is what I want so that I can create final HTML table based upon '|'
FOO|This is a description
BAR|Another description for bar
TEXT|Another description for TEXT
The post How to force awk not to print a newline appeared first on nixCraft.
We use the df command to show how much disk space is free on mounted file systems in Linux, macOS, and Unix-like systems. We also have the du command to estimate file space usage. We now have another fancy and fantastic looking tool called duf to display statistics on free disk space in Unix, Linux, macOS, *BSD, Android, and Windows written in Golang.
The post duf – Disk Usage/Free Utility for Linux, BSD, macOS & Windows appeared first on nixCraft.
FreeBSD is an open-source and free Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). This quick tutorial explains how to download and prepare the USB stick/pen drive to install FreeBSD 12.2 to install FreeBSD using the target computer's USB port.
The post How to write FreeBSD image to USB disk for installation using dd command appeared first on nixCraft.
I use the reboot command to reboot our PostgreSQL server running on RHEL 7. We have a development server running on CentOS 7 too. However, sometimes I noticed database corruption or file issues. Is there is a safe reboot command that will do a graceful reboot for our CentOS or RHEL 7 server without causing any issues? What is the best way to appropriately restart CentOS/RHEL over ssh?
The post How to restart CentOS or RHEL server safely appeared first on nixCraft.
The bashtop is an impressive Linux resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, and network. However, it suffers from bash itself, and cross-platform support is a nightmare. Now we have the Python port of bashtop. We can use a resource monitor that shows usage and stats for CPU, RAM, SSD (hard disk), network, and processes information in a lovely format.
The post bpytop – Awesome Linux, macOS and FreeBSD resource monitor appeared first on nixCraft.
A video card is a special circuit board that controls what is displayed on a computer monitor. It is also called a graphics processing unit (GPU), which calculates 3D images and graphics for Linux gaming and other usages. Let us see the top 7 Linux GPU monitoring and diagnostic command-line tools to solve issues.
The post Top 7 Linux GPU Monitoring and Diagnostic Commands Line Tools appeared first on nixCraft.
So how do you stream audio from your Apple iOS or Google Android phone to your laptop speaker? Let us see how to set up a Bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone to your Linux based laptop or desktop that got better audio speakers.
The post Linux set up bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone appeared first on nixCraft.
Alpine Wall (Awall) is an easy to use interface to iptables for Alpine Linux users. While iptables and ip6tables is an excellent command, it can be challenging for new Alpine Linux users. The awall tool has easy to follow high-level concepts such as zones, limits, policies, and a single source for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial will show you how to set up a firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux.
The post How To Set Up a Firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Want to display a message or banner before OpenSSH (SSHD server) authentication? Try this simple tip to show the banner or ASCII logo on your Linux or Unix system.
The post Quick tip: Display banner/message before OpenSSH authentication appeared first on nixCraft.
Are you looking to send a temporary email right from your Linux or Unix terminal? Look no further. Try tmpmail command-line utility that allows you to generate a temporary email address for receiving emails. Underneath the script uses 1secmail's API to receive the emails.
The post tmpmail – A temporary email right from Linux / Unix terminal appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using a CentOS/RHEL 6/7/8 server. How do I check from the command line if a reboot is required for my CentOS host? How do I check if a host powered by CentOS Enterprise Linux needs to reboot after running the yum update command?
The post How to check if CentOS / RHEL needs a full reboot appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I use the systemctl command to view status of a systemd service on Linux operating systems?
The post How to view status of a service on Linux using systemctl appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using Debian / Ubuntu Linux server. How do I save iptables rules permanently on Linux using the CLI added using the iptables command? How can I store iptables IPv4 and IPv6 rules permanently on the Debian Linux cloud server?
The post How to save iptables firewall rules permanently on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
One of my PHP and bash scripts depends upon less command to display the help system to other users. But, whenever they run less on a particular version of CentOS or RHEL cloud server, they get an error that reads as: "bash: less: command not found." How do I install less utility on CentOS or RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Fedora Linux server? How can I configure Linux containers such as Docker or Podman to install less automatically?
The post How to install less on CentOS / RHEL / Fedora appeared first on nixCraft.
I brought eggs from the market, and it says best before 20 days from the date of packing. Say my egg box was packed on 29/July/2020. How do I add days to date using Linux CLI? I want to find out date 29/July/2020 + 20days using the CLI, and how do I do it?
The post How to add days to date and get new date on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
There is a new kid in town for resource monitoring on Linux called bashtop. As the name suggests, the entire tool coded in the bash script itself that displays usage and stats for CPU, RAD, HDD/SSD, network, and other resources. Let us see how to install and use bashtop, which is an awesome Linux resource monitor. You don't need a Linux desktop to install it. You can also install this app on macOS/FreeBSD provided that you meet software requirements.
The post bashtop – Awesome Linux resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, and network appeared first on nixCraft.
One of the essential tasks for developers and sysadmin is to get an alert notification about failed services or running out of disk space and other critical failures. Let us see how to send or push a direct message to a mobile device powered by Apple iOS or Google Android phone.
The post How to push/send message to iOS and Android from Linux CLI appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up WireGuard Firewall rules (iptables) in Linux?
The post How To Set Up WireGuard Firewall Rules in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new user of Debian operating system. How do I install htop on Debian using the apt command or apt-get command?
The post How to install htop on Debian Linux using apt-get appeared first on nixCraft.
Now that I set up an LXD container, how do I backup and restore LXD containers running on Ubuntu/Debian or Fedora/CentOS Linux server?
The post How to backup and restore LXD containers appeared first on nixCraft.
How can I find the correct ulimit values for a user account or process on Linux systems?
The post How to find ulimit for user on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
The cat (short for concatenate) command is one of the most frequently used flexible commands on Linux and Unix-like operating systems. Say hello to bat Linux command, which is a cat command written in Rust programming language. The bat command comes with syntax highlighting, git integration, and works as is a drop-in cat command replacement. Let us see how to install bat on Linux and Unix system for fun and profit.
The post bat Linux command – A cat clone with written in Rust appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I extract tar.xz files in Linux? Can you tell me command to unzip linux-5.6.13.tar.xz file? How can I uncompressing (or decompressing) all files in the current directory?
The post How to extract tar.xz files in Linux and unzip all files appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I forcefully renew the Letsencrypt certificate on an Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, or FreeBSD Unix systems?
The post How to forcefully renew Let’s Encrypt certificate appeared first on nixCraft.
How can I install LXD pure-container hypervisor on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux to runs unmodified Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS/Fedora/Arch Linux operating systems at incredible speed? How do I set up and use LXD on the Ubuntu Linux server? How do I install LXD on Ubuntu cloud server?
The post Install LXD on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using apt appeared first on nixCraft.
I need to remove the last character from a line and shell variable such as "${_allowed_ips}". For example, each line is as follows in my file:
foo,
bar,
demo,
I need output as follows:
foo
bar
demo.
How can I use sed to delete the last character?
The post How to sed remove last character from each line appeared first on nixCraft.
The post Systemd systemctl list all failed units/services on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
The post How To Configure Firewall with UFW on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS appeared first on nixCraft.
The post How to Change Hostname on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on nixCraft.
The post Linux uninstall package / software using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux operating systems so that I can view all dropped packets information? How can I view a log of the traffic blocked by FirewallD under a CentOS/RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Suse/OpenSUSE Linux?
The post How to enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
LXD is a next generation system container manager. It offers a user experience similar to virtual machines but using Linux containers instead. It's image based with pre-made images available for a wide number of Linux distributions. How do I set up and install LXD on a CentOS 8.x or RHEL 8.x server?
The post How to Set Up and Use LXD on CentOS 8.x / RHEL 8.x appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I change my default shell in Linux?
The post Change my default shell in Linux using chsh appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Linux server sysadmin. I need to delete the PREROUTING rule. How do I delete the prerouting rule on Linux server?
The post Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install PHP extension called phpredis (php-redis) for interfacing with Redis cluster on CentOS 8 or RHEL 8?
The post How to Install phpredis on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
I have ThinkPad P1 Gen 2 or X1 Extreme 2nd Laptop. Can I easily Install ThinkPad firmware updates on Linux using GUI?
The post Thinkpad update firmware on Linux (X1 extreme/P1 gen2) appeared first on nixCraft.
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