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The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is announcing the availability of FreeBSD version 13.2-RELEASE on 11/April/2023. It is the third release of the stable/13 branches. I updated my FreeBSD version 13.1 to 13.2 using the CLI over an ssh-based session. Here are my quick notes.
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The post How to upgrade FreeBSD 13.1 to 13.2 release appeared first on nixCraft.
The iptables and ip6tables commands are used to set up a Linux firewall. However, many new Linux sysadmins and users find it challenging to use iptables. Hence, the ufw program is for managing a Linux firewall and aims to provide an easy-to-use interface for the user. This page explains how to add a comment to your ufw firewall rules.
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The post How do you add comments on UFW firewall rule? appeared first on nixCraft.
I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. I also have a guide about migrating from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux. Today, I am working on another side project with my partner, and I wanted to try out AlmaLinux. Hence, this quick post will list steps to convert existing VM or bare metal server from CentOS 8 to AlmaLinux 8. The server currently acts as API for mobile apps, including PostgreSQL, Redis, Python+Django, Apache web server, and SELinux and firewalld.
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I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. Now, I am migrating Linode VM from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux 8. The server runs a very simple workload that includes PHP 8.1, MariaDB server and Nginx, and SELinux and firewalld.
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As you know, CentOS 8 is ending soon. Red Hat is making the shift from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. CentOS stream places itself between Fedora Linux and RHEL. It is not 100% RHEL clone but ahead of RHEL development. Think of it as a midstream distro. Of course, if you need 100% RHEL compatibility, then you need Rocky Linux or AlmaLinux. However, the CentOS stream is more than sufficient for me as I only need Apache, Perl, and Python for my use case. This page explains how to migrate the existing installation of CentOS 8 stable to CentOS Stream without reinstalling a new operating system.
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All supported versions of FreeBSD are affected by various security bugs that need to be applied ASAP. For example, a memory corruption bug exists in the bhyve hypervisor. Another overwrite the stack of ggatec and potentially execute arbitrary code. There are two issues fixed for OpenSSL in this security advisory too. Let us see what and how to fix these security vulnerabilities on FreeBSD.
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The post FreeBSD bhyve, OpenSSL, GEOM & libfetch security fixes released appeared first on nixCraft.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.4 released. This version includes updates and various improvements for developers, hybrid cloud, edge deployments and more.
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The post RHEL 8.4 released and here is how to upgrade 8.3 to 8.4 appeared first on nixCraft.
The FreeBSD project released FreeBSD version 13. The new version comes with updated software and features for a wild variety of architectures. The latest release provides performance improvements and better support for FreeBSD. One can benefit greatly using an upgraded version of FreeBSD. Let us see what's new and quickly update FreeBSD 12 to 13 using the CLI.
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The post FreeBSD 13 released: Here is how to upgrade FreeBSD 12 to 13 appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a big fan of LXD, a next-generation Linux system container manager and default on Ubuntu. It allows me to run desktop apps or server apps in an isolated environment. Ubuntu provides LXD with robust security in mind. However, this might lead to undesired side effects, such as individual packages under OpenSUSE or CentOS Linux may not be updated. One such package is the filesystem package. Let us see how to fix Error: Transaction failed when you try to update filesystem package under CentOS, OpenSUSE, and other Linux containers running under LXD.
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Dart is easy to use BSD licensed programming language to build mobile, desktop, server, and web apps. Google creates and maintains the Dart ecosystem. It follows C-style syntax. We can compile code either to the native platform or JavaScript. Flutter allows building iOS/Android mobile and desktop/web apps from a single code base. Let us see how to install Dart programming language on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux and set vim as IDE.
The post How to install Dart on Linux and set up VIM as IDE appeared first on nixCraft.
So bizarrely, I forgot my WordPress admin password, including my login name. I did not add my login details to my password manager either. The container image that I built lacking outgoing email support (SMTP) too. I got stuck. Fortunately, I have full root access to my MySQL/MariaDB server hosted at AWS EC2, and here is how to reset a forgotten WordPress password using MySQL command-line.
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I have Debian 10 Linux cloud server, and it is configured to get IP addresses via DHCP. How do I convert DHCP address to static IP address settings?
The post How to set up static IP address on Debian Linux 10/11 appeared first on nixCraft.
Current GNU/Bash maintainer Chet Ramey announced the latest major release, Bash 5.1, on December 7th, 2020. Bash is the default shell on many Linux distros and popular among developers, especially those working with Linux containers. It is the fifth major release of bash. It came with a new enhanced random number generation and added a new variable called SRANDOM. Let us see how to install and use newly released GNU/BASH 5.1 on Linux.
The post GNU/Bash 5.1 released with the random ${SRANDOM} number engine appeared first on nixCraft.
A video card is a special circuit board that controls what is displayed on a computer monitor. It is also called a graphics processing unit (GPU), which calculates 3D images and graphics for Linux gaming and other usages. Let us see the top 7 Linux GPU monitoring and diagnostic command-line tools to solve issues.
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So how do you stream audio from your Apple iOS or Google Android phone to your laptop speaker? Let us see how to set up a Bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone to your Linux based laptop or desktop that got better audio speakers.
The post Linux set up bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone appeared first on nixCraft.
Alpine Wall (Awall) is an easy to use interface to iptables for Alpine Linux users. While iptables and ip6tables is an excellent command, it can be challenging for new Alpine Linux users. The awall tool has easy to follow high-level concepts such as zones, limits, policies, and a single source for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial will show you how to set up a firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux.
The post How To Set Up a Firewall with Awall on Alpine Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using Debian / Ubuntu Linux server. How do I save iptables rules permanently on Linux using the CLI added using the iptables command? How can I store iptables IPv4 and IPv6 rules permanently on the Debian Linux cloud server?
The post How to save iptables firewall rules permanently on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
One of my PHP and bash scripts depends upon less command to display the help system to other users. But, whenever they run less on a particular version of CentOS or RHEL cloud server, they get an error that reads as: "bash: less: command not found." How do I install less utility on CentOS or RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Fedora Linux server? How can I configure Linux containers such as Docker or Podman to install less automatically?
The post How to install less on CentOS / RHEL / Fedora appeared first on nixCraft.
When I install s3cmd package on my FreeBSD system and try to use the s3cmd command I get the following error:
ERROR: Test failed: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091)
How do I fix this problem on FreeBSD Unix system?
The post ERROR: Test failed: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1091) appeared first on nixCraft.
KDE project and Slimbook released a new Linux ultrabook with AMD Ryzen 4000 CPU that comes with eight cores, 16 threads, and a Plasma desktop. Let us look into laptop hardware specifications and other information.
The post Linux Slimbook Laptop with AMD Ryzen 4000 released appeared first on nixCraft.
I am getting the following error and my app stops working:
2020/07/12 14:32:03 [error] 45625#45625: *10918 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 139.xxx.yyy.zzz, server: www.nixcraft.com, request: "POST /app/mg/posts HTTP/2.0", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock:", host: "www.nixcraft.com", referrer: "https://www.nixcraft.com/mg/admin/index.app"
How do I fix this error for Nginx web server running on Linux or Unix-like systems?
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By default, the Nginx version displayed when you query HTTP headers or error generated by the Nginx server. This quick guide explains how to hide or remove the Nginx version on Linux or Unix server without restarting the system.
The post How to hide Nginx version on Linux and Unix appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS Linux 8.2 (2004) released. It is a Linux distribution derived from RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) 8.2 source code. CentOS was created when Red Hat stopped providing RHEL free. CentOS 8.2 gives complete control of its open-source software packages and is fully customized for research needs or for running a high-performance website without the need for license fees. Let us see what's new in CentOS 8.2 (2004) and how to upgrade existing CentOS 8.1.1199 server to 8.2.2004 using the command line.
The post CentOS Linux 8.2 (2004) released and here is how to upgrade it appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up WireGuard Firewall rules (iptables) in Linux?
The post How To Set Up WireGuard Firewall Rules in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Back in June 2019, the Raspberry PI 4 model was released, and it was an incredible update over the older model with up to 4GB ram. Today we see the long-rumored 8GB Raspberry Pi 4 released and priced at the just US $75. Here are the complete specs for an updated 64-bit credit card size Raspberry PI 4 8GB model with Linux desktop computer level of performance.
The post 8GB Raspberry Pi 4 released for $75 – Specifications appeared first on nixCraft.
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Let's Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption free of cost. The TLS certificate is valid for 90 days only. However, Due to the bug, they need to revoke many (read as "certain") Let’s Encrypt TLS/SSL certificates. Let us see how to find out if you are affected by this bug and how you can fix it to avoid any problems with your TLS/SSL certificates.
The post Letsencrypt is revoking certificates on March 4 appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux operating systems so that I can view all dropped packets information? How can I view a log of the traffic blocked by FirewallD under a CentOS/RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Suse/OpenSUSE Linux?
The post How to enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I am a new Linux server sysadmin. I need to delete the PREROUTING rule. How do I delete the prerouting rule on Linux server?
The post Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command appeared first on nixCraft.
System76 is a Denver, Colorado-based American computer manufacturer. They are specializing in the sale of Linux powered laptops, desktops, and servers. Last year System76 announced two Intel laptops with Coreboot, which as an alternative to proprietary BIOS using Intel 10th Gen CPUs. Now, System76 updated its Linux workstations line and ship with the latest AMD chips for CPU-intensive workloads. But how much of a difference can 64 cores AMD CPU make?
The post System76 Announces AMD Threadripper Linux Workstations appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS Linux 8.1 (1191) released. It is a Linux distribution derived from RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) 8.1 source code. CentOS was created when Red Hat stopped providing RHEL free. CentOS 8.1 gives complete control of its open-source software packages and is fully customized for research needs or for running a high-performance website without the need for license fees. Let us see what's new in CentOS 8.1 (1911) and how to upgrade existing CentOS 8.0.1905 server to 8.1.1911 using the command line.
The post CentOS Linux 8.1 (1911) released and here is how to upgrade it appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I remove Santa Hat in VLC media player that displayed during Christmas time during 18th December to 1st January?
The post Remove Santa Hat in VLC Player Permanently appeared first on nixCraft.
Vim is my favorite text editor and version 8.2 released. The new version includes support for popup windows and text properties. Popup windows can be used for many purposes. For example, a list of choices can be displayed, where the user selects an entry with keys or with the mouse. There is also a new vim game released named as killersheep to show you new capabilities of Vim. Let us see how to install and play killersheep.
The post killersheep – Silly game for Vim version 8.2 appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I test and validate DNSSEC using the dig command line under Linux, macOS, *BSD, and Unix-like systems?
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I am a new OpenSUSE Linux 15.x sysadmin. How do I set up a firewall using FirwallD on OpenSUSE Linux 15.1?
The post How to set up a firewall using FirewallD on OpenSUSE Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
The Debian GNU/Linux project has released an updated version of its stable Linux distribution Debian 10 ("buster"). You must upgrade to get corrections for security problem as this version made a few adjustments for the severe issue found in Debian version 10.8. Debian is a Unix-like (Linux distro) operating system and a distribution of Free Software. It is mainly maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. The Debian Project was first announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock.
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The post Debian Linux 10.9 released and here is how to upgrade it appeared first on nixCraft.
Ubuntu Linux 19.10 released and will be supported for nine months till July 2020. It is codenamed as Eoan Ermine. The newer release comes with updated Linux kernel 5.3.x, NVIDIA drivers for gaming or AI programming, ZFS on root, OpenStack Train, and more. Let us see what's new in Ubuntu 19.10 and how to upgrade 19.04 to 19.10 using the command-line options.
The post Ubuntu Linux 19.10 released: New Features and Download appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up a basic iptables firewall on Amazon Linux AMI running on EC2 or Lightsail instance?
The post Set Up a Basic Iptables Firewall on Amazon Linux AMI appeared first on nixCraft.
Are you looking for modern Linux laptops with coreboot? The wait is over. Coreboot is a free and open-source software. The coreboot project aimed at replacing the proprietary BIOS firmware and blobs. System76 recently announced two Intel laptops with Coreboot, which as an alternative to proprietary BIOS. These laptops are using Intel 10th Gen CPUs.
The post Modern Linux Laptops with Coreboot Firmware From System76 appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS Linux 8 released. It is a Linux distro derived from RHEL 8. CentOS was created when Red Hat stopped providing RHEL free. These days CentOS mostly used on servers, HPC, and desktop. CentOS is a high-quality Linux distribution. It gives complete control of its open-source software packages and is fully customized for research needs or for running a high-performance website without the need for license fees. Let us see what's new in CentOS 8.
The post CentOS Linux 8 released: New Features and Download appeared first on nixCraft.
The CentOS Linux project has released an updated version of its stable Linux distribution CentOS Linux 7.7. You must upgrade to get corrections for security problem as this version made a few adjustments for the severe issue found in CentOS 7.6. CentOS is a Linux distro that is mainly maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. It is based upon RHEL 7.7 upstream source code.
The post CentOS Linux 7.7 released and here is how to update it appeared first on nixCraft.
Linux kernel version 5.3 released. This version includes many improvements including support for AMD Navi GPU, support for new IPv4 addresses in the 0.0.0.0/8 range, the lightweight hypervisor ACRN for embedded IoT devices and much more.
The post Linux Kernel 5.3 released and here is how to install it appeared first on nixCraft.
I noticed that /var/cache/apt/archives/ taking lots of disk space on my AWS EC2 cloud server powered by Debian Linux. Can I delete /var/cache/apt/archives/ folder? Is it safe to remove all files? Do we absolutely necessary to keep all these files?
The post Can I delete /var/cache/apt/archives for Ubuntu/Debian Linux? appeared first on nixCraft.
I need to disable SELinux on CentOS 7. How can I disable SELinux from the command line over ssh based session?
The post Disable SELinux on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 / Fedora Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I remove and delete a UFW firewall rule running on Ubuntu or Debian Linux?
The post How to delete a UFW firewall rule on Ubuntu / Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I have Debian 9.x installed on AWS EC2. How do I upgrade Debian 9 Stretch to Debian 10 Buster using the apt command/apt-get command CLI? How can I upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 using ssh client?
The post How to upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.
A new version of the Raspberry PI 4 model has been released, and it is incredible update over the older model. A few years ago, I got Raspberry Pi 3 . It was my first 64-bit ARM board. It came with a 64-bit CPU. Here are the complete specs for an updated 64-bit credit card size Raspberry PI 4 desktop computer level of performance.
The post Raspberry PI 4 Released – Complete specs and pricing appeared first on nixCraft.
I need to check if a directory exists or not, within a shell script running on Linux or Unix-like system? How do I check if a directory exists in a shell script?
The post Check if a directory exists in Linux or Unix shell appeared first on nixCraft.
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