Connexion
The Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) needs to be configured to allow traffic on UDP ports 67 and 68, regardless of whether the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is local or remote. Additionally, it may be necessary to open both TCP and UDP port 53, which are used for Domain Name Service (DNS). In small business and home environments, typically, both DNS and DHCP services come from a single device. Hence, it would be best if you opened both DHCP and DNS ports using the ufw command.
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The post How to open DHCP port using UFW in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Are you interested in checking the changelog of a package on Debian or Ubuntu and Linux Mint? You may need to search to see if the particular CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) is fixed. Suppose you have installed or upgraded a package in Debian or Ubuntu Linux. In that case, you can easily find out what changes have been made to the package, including new features or bug fixes. Here's how you can view the changelog of a Debian package in Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
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The post Debian/Ubuntu Linux show package changelog command appeared first on nixCraft.
Am I using X11 (Xorg) or Wayland? Here is how to check for Wayland or Xorg (X11) Linux desktops using the CLI and GUI options.
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Red Hat launched the Ansible Lightspeed Code Assistant Generative AI with IBM Watson Code Assistant in May 2023. This preview is now available to all Ansible users, allowing them to explore the technology, provide feedback to Red Hat, and further train the AI model. In this brief blog post, I will share my personal experience with installing and utilizing Ansible Lightspeed AI to create playbooks in VSCode using Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS desktop.
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The post Setting up VSCode for Ansible Lightspeed AI in Ubuntu 22.04 desktop appeared first on nixCraft.
Do you need to view the open file limit for a Linux process? Try "limits" files in /proc/${PID} directory with its process ID (PID) or ulimit command or prlimit command to see the open file limit for a Linux process.
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The post nvtop – Awesome Linux task monitor for NVIDIA, AMD & Intel GPUs appeared first on nixCraft.
Do you want to refresh and reload the group membership on Linux without rebooting the Linux machine or logging in again? Try the newgrp command to log in to a new group without logging in again or reboot the system.
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The post How to refresh and reload group membership on Linux without a reboot or logging in again appeared first on nixCraft.
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS comes with LXD pure-container hypervisor to run an unmodified version of Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Alpine, Arch and many other Linux distro. You can mimic AWS or different cloud instance types with LXD for testing and deployment purposes on your development machine. You can also run a GUI app such as Firefox completely isolated using LXD for security or privacy reasons. Let us see how to set up and use LXD on the Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS using APT or snap command.
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The post How To Install LXD on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS using apt/snap appeared first on nixCraft.
ChatGPT (short for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a chatbot by OpenAI. It provides answers to your queries using learning techniques based on AI/ML. Unfortunately, ChatGPT deny access when connected via VPN (Virtual Private Network) such as WireGuard or OpenVPN, and you will be blocked with the following message:
Let us see how to skip the ChatGPT domain from WireGuard or OpenVPN access while you can access corporate resources behind VPN.
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The post How to skip ChatGPT from WireGuard or OpenVPN on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Are you running out of disk space on your Debian or Ubuntu Linux? Do you want to know which installed Debian or Ubuntu packages occupy the most disk space? There are many ways to find out this info. In this quick tip, you will learn about listing apt or apt-get installed packages that occupy the most space using the command-line options.
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The post Find APT packages occupy the most space on Debian/Ubuntu appeared first on nixCraft.
A Ubuntu 22.04 LTS comes with UFW (uncomplicated firewall) that protects the desktop or server against unauthorized access. UFW is easy to use frontend app for a Linux packet filtering system called Netfilter. Traditionally Netfilter rules are set up or configured using the iptables command by developers and sysadmins. However, new Ubuntu Linux users and developers unfamiliar with firewall concepts find Netfilter syntax confusing. Hence, the ufw project provides easy to use frontend for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux server and desktop. It is so super easy to set up. You can configure UFW in under 5 minutes and secure your host.
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The post Ubuntu 22.04 Set Up UFW Firewall in 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft.
The iptables and ip6tables commands are used to set up a Linux firewall. However, many new Linux sysadmins and users find it challenging to use iptables. Hence, the ufw program is for managing a Linux firewall and aims to provide an easy-to-use interface for the user. This page explains how to add a comment to your ufw firewall rules.
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The post How do you add comments on UFW firewall rule? appeared first on nixCraft.
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MySQL version 8.0 is a free and open-source database system used by most web applications and sites on the Internet. Typically MySQL is part of the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/Python/PHP) stack. MySQL heavily uses popular open-source software such as WordPress, MediaWiki, and others as a database storage engine. Let us see how to install MySQL server version 8.x on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux server, including settings up a new database, users and fine tuning server config.The post How to install MySQL server on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux appeared first on Opensource Flare✨.
I am a new Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS server user. How do I set up an OpenVPN Server on Ubuntu Linux version 22.04 server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, set protective parameter vpn for developers and more?
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The post Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft.
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Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ("Jammy Jellyfish") is released now. This tutorial explains how to safely upgrade from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS using the command-line and GUI options.
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The post How to upgrade from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS to 22.04 LTS appeared first on nixCraft.
Chromium is a free and open-source web browser project designed and maintained by Google. Google Chrome browser uses Chromium codebase and other proprietary components for additional features required to play games, music and movies protected by DRM. This page explains how to install Chromium browser on Ubuntu Linux 20.04 and 22.04 LTS desktop computers.
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The post How to install Chromium browser on Ubuntu Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I enable kernel crash dump Debian Linux 9/10/11 using the command-line option? How can I view crash reports on Debian machine?
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The post How to on enable kernel crash dump on Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
While working on the client's system, I found that the whois client was missing. So I used that in one of my deployment scripts. I should add that to cloud-init or Ansible, but the Ubuntu server was already running.
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The post How to install whois on Ubuntu / Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Let us say you want to support Linux and buy an actual Linux desktop OS like you buy Windows desktop operating system from the market. How much would it cost price-wise, and what would you get in return when you buy a yearly subscription?
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You deployed a perfect firewall and other network security policies preventing unauthorized access to the user's desktop computer over a network. However, you still need to block USB device access. We can configure a Linux desktop security policy to protect your computer against rogue USB devices (a.k.a. BadUSB) by implementing essential allow and blocklisting capabilities based on device attributes. For instance, I can define what kind of USB devices are authorized and how a USB device interacts with the Linux system. For example, I can define policy allowing Yubikey with serial number "XYZ" and USB LTE modem with serial # "ABC." Every other USB device access is denied by default. This guide will cover the following topics:The post How to protect Linux against rogue USB devices using USBGuard appeared first on Opensource Flare✨.
The ffmpeg is free and open-source video converter software for Linux and Unix-like systems. However, on Ubuntu/Debian Linux and other distros, NVIDIA hardware-based encoding is disabled at compile time. So, naturally, you need supporting NVIDIA GPU. Apart from that, it would be best if you had CUDA support installed with GNU compilers. Let us see how to install everything one by one on a server or desktop powered by Ubuntu or Debian Linux.
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The post How to install FFmpeg with NVIDIA GPU acceleration on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Most of us use love and use the jq command. It works on Linux or Unix-like systems to extract data from JSON documents. Recently I found htmlq, which is like jq and written in Rust lang. Imagine being able to sed or grep for HTML data. We can search, slice, and filter HTML data with htmlq. Let us see how to install and use this handy tool on Linux or Unix and play with HTML data.
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The post How to use htmlq to extract content from HTML files on Linux, macOS or FreeBSD appeared first on nixCraft.
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This guide explains how to set up MariaDB high-availability cluster for the database using the Galera library, which provides a virtual mater-to-master three-node cluster running on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
The post How to set up Mariadb Galera cluster on Ubuntu or Debian Linux appeared first on Opensource Flare✨.
I have Debian 10.10 installed on the AWS EC2 and Linode server. How do I upgrade Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye using the apt command or apt-get command safely? How can I upgrade Debian 10 to Debian 11 using ssh client?
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The post How to upgrade Debian 10 to Debian 11 Bullseye using the CLI appeared first on nixCraft.
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This guide explains how to set up Redis sentinel failover cluster for caching database or any other data type in high availability node.
The post How to set up Redis sentinel cluster on Ubuntu or Debian Linux appeared first on Opensource Flare✨.
When working with Ubuntu, Debian Linux, and ZFS, you will run into ZFS cache size problems. You see, not all Ubuntu or Debian servers need aggressive file caching. Some servers act as a web server or run Linux container workloads or KVM guest VMs where you want those guest VMs to manage their own caching. Therefore, it would be best to have tons of ECC RAM for ZFS. Unfortunately, not all projects get that kind of extravagance in real life. This page explains how to set up ZFS arc size on Ubuntu/Debian or any Linux distro of your choice. So that, Linux kernel avoid running out of memory.
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The post How to set up ZFS ARC size on Ubuntu/Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install the Redis server on the Ubuntu Linux version 18.04/20.04 LTS server to speed up database caching in memory?
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The post How to install Redis server on Ubuntu Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Typically, we apply firmware updates to fix a security issue and enhance SATA/PCIe/NVMe solid-state (SSD) drive performance. Failing to install available updates may lead to vulnerable SSD. This quick guide explains how to update Samsung SSD firmware on Linux without using Windows operating system.
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The post How To Update Samsung SSD Firmware on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Did you know? You can turn off the banner in Linux or Unix using a particular file. When you log in using ssh or other methods, you will find tons of information on the screen. Here is how my FreeBSD home server login looks:
Default motd with my hardware and other info
The first one is /etc/motd, and the second is the output of neofetch called from ~/.profile file. And my Ubuntu Linux box showing stuff too when I login using the ssh command:
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The post Quick Tip: Turn off the login banner in Linux or Unix .hushlogin file appeared first on nixCraft.
Typically we use the lscpu command or /proc/cpuinfo command on Linux to check CPU information. I recently found another simplistic yet fancier CPU architecture fetching tool inspired by neofetch, pfetch or screenfetch. Let us see how to install cpufetch on Linux, macOS, Android, and Windows to fetch CPU details.
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The post cpufetch – awesome CPU architecture info tool for Linux and macOS appeared first on nixCraft.
Abhinav Upadhyay is an Indian software developer, the NetBSD project contributor, and works with the exciting field of machine learning (ML). Recently I did a quick Q and A with Abhinav about his life-changing journey with NetBSD, getting started with ML and FLOSS community, and his daily workflow.
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The post Interview with Abhinav Upadhyay, NetBSD contributor and machine learning software developer appeared first on nixCraft.
Dart is easy to use BSD licensed programming language to build mobile, desktop, server, and web apps. Google creates and maintains the Dart ecosystem. It follows C-style syntax. We can compile code either to the native platform or JavaScript. Flutter allows building iOS/Android mobile and desktop/web apps from a single code base. Let us see how to install Dart programming language on a Debian or Ubuntu Linux and set vim as IDE.
The post How to install Dart on Linux and set up VIM as IDE appeared first on nixCraft.
I have Debian 10 Linux cloud server, and it is configured to get IP addresses via DHCP. How do I convert DHCP address to static IP address settings?
The post How to set up static IP address on Debian Linux 10/11 appeared first on nixCraft.
Any logged-in unprivileged user can abuse an old bug in sudo to gain root privileges. It was rated as an important security issue for Linux and Unix-like operating systems. The Qualys research team has discovered the heap overflow vulnerability in sudo itself has been hiding in plain sight for nearly 10 years. The bug allows any local users to gain root access without authentication (no user's password needed). We need to apply patches to our operating systems as soon as possible.
The post Critical bug in sudo puts Linux and Unix systems at risk appeared first on nixCraft.
We use the df command to show how much disk space is free on mounted file systems in Linux, macOS, and Unix-like systems. We also have the du command to estimate file space usage. We now have another fancy and fantastic looking tool called duf to display statistics on free disk space in Unix, Linux, macOS, *BSD, Android, and Windows written in Golang.
The post duf – Disk Usage/Free Utility for Linux, BSD, macOS & Windows appeared first on nixCraft.
On Linux, we encrypt our partitions and entire disk using Linux Unified Key Setup-on-disk-format (LUKS) for security and privacy reasons. We unlock LUKS protected disk by providing a passphrase at boot time. You need to be in front of your computer or use a remote console to open the encrypted disk under Linux at boot time. However, if your system is in the basement, remote datacenter/office, or upstairs office, you won't able to unlock and boot your Linux box. We can use the Dropbear SSH server for LUKS encrypted Debian or Ubuntu or any other Linux distro via SSH to solve this problem. Let us see how to unlock LUKS using Dropbear SSH keys in Linux at boot time.
The post How to unlock LUKS using Dropbear SSH keys remotely in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
I have an Intel Corporation Wireless/WiFi 8265 / 8275 (rev 78) card. How do I configure this card? I always get an error, "iwlwifi 0000:01:00.0: firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8265-36.ucode". How do I load iwlwifi-8265-36 firmware and enable this driver card on Debian Linux version 10/11 and assign an IP address using DHCP?
The post How to configure Intel Wifi on Debian Linux when you get firmware: failed to load iwlwifi-8265-36.ucode error appeared first on nixCraft.
The bashtop is an impressive Linux resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, and network. However, it suffers from bash itself, and cross-platform support is a nightmare. Now we have the Python port of bashtop. We can use a resource monitor that shows usage and stats for CPU, RAM, SSD (hard disk), network, and processes information in a lovely format.
The post bpytop – Awesome Linux, macOS and FreeBSD resource monitor appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install Golang on Ubuntu Linux for developing apps in Go?
The post How to install Go [golang] on Ubuntu Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
A video card is a special circuit board that controls what is displayed on a computer monitor. It is also called a graphics processing unit (GPU), which calculates 3D images and graphics for Linux gaming and other usages. Let us see the top 7 Linux GPU monitoring and diagnostic command-line tools to solve issues.
The post Top 7 Linux GPU Monitoring and Diagnostic Commands Line Tools appeared first on nixCraft.
How can I install MySQL server 8.0 on Debian 10 LTS Linux server? How do I add a new MySQL user and database on the newly set up Debian server running on AWS EC2 server?
The post How to install MySQL server on Debian 10 Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install VirtualBox application on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux LTS system?
The post How to install VirtualBox on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux LTS appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install MySQL server 8.0 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux server? How can I add a new MySQL user and database on the newly set up Ubuntu server?
The post How to install MySQL server on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
So how do you stream audio from your Apple iOS or Google Android phone to your laptop speaker? Let us see how to set up a Bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone to your Linux based laptop or desktop that got better audio speakers.
The post Linux set up bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone appeared first on nixCraft.
Can you explain how to install Java on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system?
The post How to Install Java on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I use the systemctl command to view status of a systemd service on Linux operating systems?
The post How to view status of a service on Linux using systemctl appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using Debian / Ubuntu Linux server. How do I save iptables rules permanently on Linux using the CLI added using the iptables command? How can I store iptables IPv4 and IPv6 rules permanently on the Debian Linux cloud server?
The post How to save iptables firewall rules permanently on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set/change my server's Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS "Focal Fossa" Linux?
The post How to set/change FQDN on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I configure automatic unattended updates for Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS "Focal Fossa" server?
The post Set up automatic unattended updates for Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on nixCraft.
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a virtualization module for the Linux kernel that turns it into a hypervisor. How can I install KVM with bridged networking, set up a guest operating system as the back-end virtualization technology for non-graphic Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS server over ssh based session?
The post How to install KVM on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Headless Server appeared first on nixCraft.
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