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À partir d’avant-hierAnalyses, perspectives

Puissance maritime : agir sur les océans. Quand le « comment » importe aussi

Par : Yan GIRON

Il est impératif de regarder les océans pour prédire les évolutions et les modalités d'un monde où des pouvoirs sont en recomposition. Cela passe par des grilles d'analyse de la puissance maritime. Y. Giron en présente ici les préalables et les déclinaisons pratiques.

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Taking up Maritime Security Challenges and Stakes : A European Governance Mechanism ?

Par : Jean-Marie LHUISSIER

Taking up challenges and stakes in the maritime domain requires to implement concretely the integration principles and the comprehensive approach, by coordinating the use of both civilian and military resources and capabilities available to the EU.

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Enjeux et défis maritimes : quelle gouvernance européenne ?

Par : Jean-Marie LHUISSIER

Alors que l'UE s'affiche comme un fournisseur de sûreté maritime et un acteur global sur la scène internationale, préserver ses intérêts, sa crédibilité et son influence lui impose de réviser son approche organisationnelle et méthodologique pour faire face de manière coordonnée aux risques et aux menaces auxquels sont soumises les eaux européennes et, bien au-delà, les voisinages maritimes proches et lointains.

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China successfully launches Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship; technical improvements, new life science experiments

Par : amarynth

from Global Times

Here is a one minute clip of the launch:

https://t.me/TheIslanderNews/39849

China is doing real honest work in space.

China successfully launches Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship; mission features technical improvements and new life science experiments

The Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceship blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China, atop the Long March-2F carrier rocket on 5:17 pm on Thursday, carrying taikonauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie to China’s space station.

Following a flight of around 10 minutes, Shenzhou-20 manned spacecraft successfully separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit.

The launch day of Shenzhou-20 also coincides with China’s 10th Space Day. China designated April 24 as its Space Day in 2016 to mark the successful launch of its first satellite, Dongfanghong-1, on April 24, 1970.

The mission’s primary objectives include completing an in-orbit rotation with the Shenzhou-19 crew, staying at the space station for approximately six months, carrying out experiments in space science and applications and performing extravehicular activities and cargo in and out tests.

After entering orbit, the Shenzhou-20 spaceship will require about 6.5 hours to perform its automated rendezvous and docking with the radial port of the space station core module Tianhe, thereby forming a combination of three modules and three spacecraft, according to Lin Xiqiang, a spokesperson of the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), on Wednesday.

Shenzhou-20 is the 35th flight mission of China’s manned space program, and the fifth crewed mission during the application and development stage of China’s space station. The crew is scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site in North China in late October this year.

Technical improvements

As one of the key enhancements of this mission, Long March 2F rocket, which had its maiden flight in 1999, has undergone 32 technical improvements in this mission – ranging from data transmission to flight monitoring, from manufacturing process enhancements to reliability upgrades, the Global Times learned from China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.

In this mission, the telemetry system of the Long March-2F rocket uses 5Mbps bitrate transmission technology for the first time, which improves the reliable transmission capability of key data.

In the past, some critical data during the rocket’s normal flight had to be stored in a “black box” and retrieved for analysis only after the return capsule landed. Now, with a transmission rate of 5 Mbps, the system can transmit the equivalent of about 100 pages of scanned A4 documents per second, enabling real-time measurement and downlink of flight data throughout the entire mission, according to the academy.

The productized high-definition image measurement scheme was also adopted on the rocket, realizing 100 percent of domestic software and hardware construction and improving the accuracy of real-time judgment of flight status.

With the space station entering regular operation, the Long March 2F rocket will continue to carry out launch missions twice per year. Moving forward, the model team will further enhance work efficiency by focusing on the improvement of digital and information-based tools and methods, providing solid support for the station’s sustained operations.

Additionally, during the development of the Shenzhou-20 crewed spacecraft, its payload space was optimized, leading to an increase of approximately 20 percent in available capacity for outbound cargo. This enhancement further boosts the spacecraft’s uplink capability, allowing for the delivery of more critical supplies to the space station, the Global Times learned from China Academy of Space Technology.

For this mission, the most notable highlight at the launch site is collecting data with cameras and sensors on the tower and some key locations and critical equipment, Lei Fugui from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center told the Global Times.

“The backend distributes and processes the data. When the rocket is scheduled to be launched,we can quickly respond to the emergencies, ensuring all tasks can be carried out smoothly,” Lei said.

New experimental projects

The initial plan of the mission is to carry out more than 20 new experimental projects in aeromedicine, including research on the digestive system of the human body, micro-ecology and neurocognition, to more accurately establish protection methods against weightlessness, conduct early warning of radiation risks in space, and conduct research on microbial characteristics changes in space, Wang Chunhui from Astronaut Center of China said during a press conference.

Three research objects – zebrafish, planarians, and Streptomyces – will be used in a set of life science experiments in China’s space station during the Shenzhou-20 crewed spaceflight mission, as the regeneration experiment of planarian in space is the first of its kind in China.

I like the addition of Zebra Fish.  Did you know that they have a strong genetic similarity to humans and rapid development with transparency during early development. Since their introduction as a model organism in the 1970s, zebrafish have been widely used for research in genetics, neurobiology, developmental biology, and toxicology. Their small size, high fecundity, and ability to thrive in controlled environments make them an ideal choice for laboratory studies.

Planeriuns are flatworms that can regenerate quickly ; a fragment that is a mere 0.5 mm in diameter can remold itself and in about two weeks regenerate a complete flatworm.

Streptomyces are bacterium of some or other kind.

As China’s first space experiment involving planarians, the Shenzhou-20 mission will study the effects of space on planarian regeneration using head, middle and tail segments, with potential applications in addressing space-related health issues and aging on Earth, Cang Huaixing, professor at the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the Global Times.

When bisected, each piece of planarians can regenerate muscles, skin, intestines, and even a complete brain. Studying planarians provides valuable insights into how human cells might overcome aging and delay degeneration, Cang said.

Besides, a 30-day experiment involving six adult male zebrafish will be conducted in orbit, Cang added.

By studying the effects of microgravity on protein homeostasis in vertebrates, the research aims to clarify how protein homeostasis regulates bone mass decrease and cardiovascular dysfunction caused by microgravity, and explore protective strategies for future long-term human space missions.

In addition to the three biological experiments mentioned above, 59 space science experiments and technology tests will also be conducted in the fields of space life sciences, microgravity physical sciences, and new space technologies, during the in-orbit period of the Shenzhou-20 crew, the spokesperson Lin introduced.

Breakthroughs are expected in areas including the cultivation of vascularized brain organoid chips, the non-equilibrium dynamics of soft matter, and the space-based preparation of high-temperature superconducting materials.

La mer Noire aujourd'hui : entre batailles navales et cessez-le-feu précaire

Par : Cyrille BRET， Florent PARMENTIER

Comment et pourquoi ce cul-de-sac maritime est-il devenu un carrefour stratégique ? comment les rapports de force (navals, maritimes, politiques, etc.) ont-ils évolué après trois ans de conflit ? Quels sont les effets de l'arsenalisation croissante et de la militarisation des infrastructures sous-marines ? Et dans quelle mesure la mer Noire demeure-t-elle un carrefour incontournable pour les ambitions stratégiques globales ?

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II. Le marché mondial des drogues, une maritimisation irrésistible du narcotrafic ?

Par : Florian MANET

Comment le narcotrafic s'inscrit-il dans la dynamique du commerce international tributaire de la mer ? Opacifiant ses opérations logistiques dans le gigantisme des flux marchands, le narcotrafic y trouve opportunément un levier démultiplicateur de puissance et d'influence en facilitant l'expédition de fret illicite de manière massifiée sur des liaisons intercontinentales. Découvrez les techniques utilisées.

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Vidéo. La stratégie britannique dans un monde en mutation : passé, présent et futur. J. Bew

Par : Gabrielle GROS， John BEW ， Louis GAUTIER

Quelles sont les fondations de la grande stratégie britannique ? Quels sont les grands dilemmes de cette stratégie ? Comment le Royaume-Uni pense-t-il sa stratégie aujourd'hui ? John Bew, Professeur d'Histoire et de politique étrangère au département des War Studies du King's College de Londres apporte ses réponses.

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Synthèse de l'actualité internationale de l'été 2023

Par : Axelle DEGANS

Avec nos voeux de bonne rentrée ! Les faits internationaux les plus marquants de juillet-août 2023 : Élections ; L'UE étonne ; Du Sahel au Sahélistan ? BRIC's et nouvelle organisation du monde ; Exploiter et protéger les mers et océans ; La sécurité alimentaire en question, etc.

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Comment l'OTAN prépare son entrée en Indo-Pacifique

Par : Daniel SCHAEFFER · Grégoire DIAMANTIDIS

Il n'y a aucune raison pour la France de risquer de se trouver impliquée dans un éventuel conflit qui serait avant tout sino-américain, que ce conflit soit suscité par l'un ou par l'autre, soit pour ramener l'île à la Chine, soit pour la défendre contre les ambitions de Pékin.

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