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Wow! After years of hard work and countless commits, we have finally reached a huge milestone: GIMP 3.0 is officially released! I am excited as I write this and can't wait to share some incredible new features and improvements in this release. GIMP 2.10 was released in 2018, and the first development version of GIMP 3.0 came out in 2020. GIMP 3.0 released on 16/March/2025. Let us explore how to download and install GIMP 3.0, as well as the new features in this version.
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The post Download of the day: GIMP 3.0 is FINALLY Here! appeared first on nixCraft.
Rsync is a opensource command-line tool in Linux, macOS, *BSD and Unix-like systems that synchronizes files and directories. It is a popular tool for sending or receiving files, making backups, or setting up mirrors. It minimizes data copied by transferring only the changed parts of files, making it faster and more bandwidth-efficient than traditional copying methods provided by tools like sftp or ftp-ssl. Rsync versions 3.3.0 and below has been found with SIX serious vulnerabilities. Attackers could exploit these to leak your data, corrupt your files, or even take over your system. There is a heap-based buffer overflow with a CVSS score of 9.8 that needs to be addressed on both the client and server sides of rsync package. Apart from that info leak via uninitialized stack contents defeats ASLR protection and rsync server can make client write files outside of destination directory using symbolic links.
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The post Critical Rsync Vulnerability Requires Immediate Patching on Linux and Unix systems appeared first on nixCraft.
How can I copy one hard disk to another using the dd, ddrescue, or dcfldd commands?
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The post Linux Copy One Hard Disk to Another Using dd Command appeared first on nixCraft.
It is no secret that whether you are a developer or sysadmin, you need to use log files to troubleshoot errors on your Linux and Unix systems. You use tools like grep, tail, cat, or journalctl to view log files. However, you may need help with so many log files. These essential Unix tools are suitable for basic text but fall short when dealing with many log files. You can get tired from sifting through endless lines of log files. The lnav utility is here to the rescue! It is a powerful log file viewer that goes beyond the basics. It understands your logs by identifying timestamps, log levels, and other vital details. You can run SQLite SQL queries against your standard log files and build reports for your needs. Let us see how to install and use the lnav tool quickly.
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The post lnav – Awesome terminal log file viewer for Linux and Unix appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I capture a specific protocol or port, such as 80 (HTTP) or 443 (HTTPS), using the TCPDump tool under Linux/UNIX? How do I record traffic with TCPDump and find problems later on with my network or server issues? Let's dive into the nitty-gritty of capturing and analyzing your network traffic for trapshooting network and server issues.
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The post TCPDump: Capture and Record Specific Protocols / Port Traffic appeared first on nixCraft.
I need to copy or clone file ownership and permissions from another file on Linux. Is there a bash command line option to clone the user, group ownership and permissions on a file from another file on Linux operating system?
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The post How to copy permissions from one file to another on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), Fedora and other clones of RHEL, such as Oracle, Alma, and Rocky, offer support for version pinning. This feature allows developers and system administrators to lock a particular package to a specific version, preventing it from being automatically updated by yum or dnf commands. Sometimes, it is necessary to protect packages from being updated to newer versions to avoid incompatibility issues with your applications. For example, you can lock down PHP version 8.3.6 and avoid using updated PHP version 8.4. Let us see how to lock a package to a specific version, only exclude a package from yum update or dnf update on a CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, and friends.
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The post How to Pin Versions in Yum or Dnf for RHEL or CentOS Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
Do you want to set or update the AWS EC2 or Lightsail hostname without a reboot when using Amazon Linux 2? Here is how to set or change the hostname on Amazon Linux 2 distribution using the ssh client.
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The post How to change hostname on Amazon Linux 2 without reboot appeared first on nixCraft.
Linux comes with three commands for developers, sysadmins and users to set up a hierarchy of applications, typically displayed as a menu. In other words, these commands allow third-party software to add menu items that work for all desktops. In addition, it allows Linux system administrators to edit menus in a way that affects all desktops using the following commands to install and edit desktop files on Linux to make Desktop entries:
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The post How to install and edit desktop files on Linux (Desktop entries) appeared first on nixCraft.
I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. I also have a guide about migrating from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux. Today, I am working on another side project with my partner, and I wanted to try out AlmaLinux. Hence, this quick post will list steps to convert existing VM or bare metal server from CentOS 8 to AlmaLinux 8. The server currently acts as API for mobile apps, including PostgreSQL, Redis, Python+Django, Apache web server, and SELinux and firewalld.
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The post How to migrate from CentOS 8 to AlmaLinux (conversion) appeared first on nixCraft.
I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. Now, I am migrating Linode VM from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux 8. The server runs a very simple workload that includes PHP 8.1, MariaDB server and Nginx, and SELinux and firewalld.
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The post How to migrate from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux (conversion) appeared first on nixCraft.
As you know, CentOS 8 is ending soon. Red Hat is making the shift from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. CentOS stream places itself between Fedora Linux and RHEL. It is not 100% RHEL clone but ahead of RHEL development. Think of it as a midstream distro. Of course, if you need 100% RHEL compatibility, then you need Rocky Linux or AlmaLinux. However, the CentOS stream is more than sufficient for me as I only need Apache, Perl, and Python for my use case. This page explains how to migrate the existing installation of CentOS 8 stable to CentOS Stream without reinstalling a new operating system.
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I talked about yum-cron that provides auto yum updates nightly via cron. However, this package is no longer available on CentOS/RHEL 8 or Fedora Linux 29 or above. So how do you enable and install updates atomically on a CentOS/RHEL version 8.x? They have a new package called dnf-automatic. This page explains how to install and then enable dnf-automatic to install updates for you in the background.
The post How to enable automatic updates for RHEL/CentOS 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
Any logged-in unprivileged user can abuse an old bug in sudo to gain root privileges. It was rated as an important security issue for Linux and Unix-like operating systems. The Qualys research team has discovered the heap overflow vulnerability in sudo itself has been hiding in plain sight for nearly 10 years. The bug allows any local users to gain root access without authentication (no user's password needed). We need to apply patches to our operating systems as soon as possible.
The post Critical bug in sudo puts Linux and Unix systems at risk appeared first on nixCraft.
As you know, Red Hat recently announced that CentOS Linux 8, as a rebuild of RHEL 8, will end in 2021. CentOS Stream continues after that date, serving as the upstream (development) branch of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The news met with a strong reaction from the open-source community and CentOS users. Today, Red Hat released a new option where RHEL developer subscriptions can now be used in production environments. The developers and team can have up to 16 systems. In other words, it is a no-cost RHEL that small groups and developers can use to build packages and in production environments.
The post Red Hat introduces new no-cost RHEL option appeared first on nixCraft.
I use the reboot command to reboot our PostgreSQL server running on RHEL 7. We have a development server running on CentOS 7 too. However, sometimes I noticed database corruption or file issues. Is there is a safe reboot command that will do a graceful reboot for our CentOS or RHEL 7 server without causing any issues? What is the best way to appropriately restart CentOS/RHEL over ssh?
The post How to restart CentOS or RHEL server safely appeared first on nixCraft.
As you know, Red Hat and IBM shocked the Linux community by killing CentOS 8 stable. There will be no CentOS Linux. Red Hat announced that there would be only CentOS Stream, which will act as a rolling version, and it will be used as next RHEL. Now we have a possible alternative called Rocky Linux.
The post CentOS Linux reborn as Rocky Linux enterprise operating system appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS is an acronym for Community Enterprise Operating System, and it is a 100% rebuild of RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). While RHEL costs money, CentOS offered as a free community-supported enterprise Linux distro. Developers and companies who are good at Linux and don't want to pay RHEL support fees always selected CentOS to save money and get enterprise-class software. However, the free ride is over. Red Hat announced that CentOS Linux 8, as a rebuild of RHEL 8, will end at 2021. CentOS Stream continues after that date, serving as the upstream (development) branch of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
The post CentOS Linux 8 will end in 2021 and shifts focus to CentOS Stream appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install MySQL server 8.0 on CentOS 8 Linux server running on Linode and AWS cloud? How do I add and set up a new MySQL user and database account on the newly created CentOS server?
The post How to install MySQL server on CentOS 8 Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
So how do you stream audio from your Apple iOS or Google Android phone to your laptop speaker? Let us see how to set up a Bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone to your Linux based laptop or desktop that got better audio speakers.
The post Linux set up bluetooth speaker to stream audio from your Android / iOS mobile phone appeared first on nixCraft.
I am using a CentOS/RHEL 6/7/8 server. How do I check from the command line if a reboot is required for my CentOS host? How do I check if a host powered by CentOS Enterprise Linux needs to reboot after running the yum update command?
The post How to check if CentOS / RHEL needs a full reboot appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I use the systemctl command to view status of a systemd service on Linux operating systems?
The post How to view status of a service on Linux using systemctl appeared first on nixCraft.
One of my PHP and bash scripts depends upon less command to display the help system to other users. But, whenever they run less on a particular version of CentOS or RHEL cloud server, they get an error that reads as: "bash: less: command not found." How do I install less utility on CentOS or RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Fedora Linux server? How can I configure Linux containers such as Docker or Podman to install less automatically?
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There is a new kid in town for resource monitoring on Linux called bashtop. As the name suggests, the entire tool coded in the bash script itself that displays usage and stats for CPU, RAD, HDD/SSD, network, and other resources. Let us see how to install and use bashtop, which is an awesome Linux resource monitor. You don't need a Linux desktop to install it. You can also install this app on macOS/FreeBSD provided that you meet software requirements.
The post bashtop – Awesome Linux resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, and network appeared first on nixCraft.
Here are 10 Linux command to know the system and increase your productivity quickly.
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I read your Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate acme.sh tutorial. But, I need to set up and use Cloudflare DNS with acme.sh. How do I secure my Nginx web server with Let's Encrypt TLS/SSL certificate issue with Cloudflare DNS?
The post How to issue Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificate with acme.sh and Cloudflare DNS appeared first on nixCraft.
CentOS Linux 8.2 (2004) released. It is a Linux distribution derived from RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) 8.2 source code. CentOS was created when Red Hat stopped providing RHEL free. CentOS 8.2 gives complete control of its open-source software packages and is fully customized for research needs or for running a high-performance website without the need for license fees. Let us see what's new in CentOS 8.2 (2004) and how to upgrade existing CentOS 8.1.1199 server to 8.2.2004 using the command line.
The post CentOS Linux 8.2 (2004) released and here is how to upgrade it appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I set up WireGuard Firewall rules (iptables) in Linux?
The post How To Set Up WireGuard Firewall Rules in Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I configure Amazon SES With Postfix mail server to send email under a CentOS/RHEL/Fedora/Ubuntu/Debian Linux server?
The post How to configure AWS SES with Postfix MTA appeared first on nixCraft.
Now that I set up an LXD container, how do I backup and restore LXD containers running on Ubuntu/Debian or Fedora/CentOS Linux server?
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How can I find the correct ulimit values for a user account or process on Linux systems?
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The post How to find ulimit for user on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I extract tar.xz files in Linux? Can you tell me command to unzip linux-5.6.13.tar.xz file? How can I uncompressing (or decompressing) all files in the current directory?
The post How to extract tar.xz files in Linux and unzip all files appeared first on nixCraft.
I like VIM text editor a lot, and it is missing on my CentOS 8 box. How do I install vim on CentOS 8 Linux cloud server?
The post How to install vim on CentOS 8 using dnf/yum appeared first on nixCraft.
How can I install KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) on a CentOS 8 (CentOS Enterprise Linux) headeless server? How do I set up KVM on a CentOS 8 and use cloud images/cloud-init for installing guest VM?
The post How to install KVM on CentOS 8 Headless Server appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I configure my CentOS 8 and add network bridge (br0) with the nmcli command? How can I create a Linux network bridge on CentOS Linux 8 server for KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)?
The post CentOS 8 add network bridge (br0) with nmcli command appeared first on nixCraft.
My Nginx web server is behind a reverse proxy server. How do I restore the original and real IP address of my client/visitors when behind a reverse proxy server such as AWS Cloudfront, Fastly, Cloudflare CDN/WAF?
The post Nginx restore real IP address when behind a reverse proxy appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I forcefully renew the Letsencrypt certificate on an Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, or FreeBSD Unix systems?
The post How to forcefully renew Let’s Encrypt certificate appeared first on nixCraft.
I need to remove the last character from a line and shell variable such as "${_allowed_ips}". For example, each line is as follows in my file:
foo,
bar,
demo,
I need output as follows:
foo
bar
demo.
How can I use sed to delete the last character?
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How do I enable firewalld logging for denied packets on Linux operating systems so that I can view all dropped packets information? How can I view a log of the traffic blocked by FirewallD under a CentOS/RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)/Suse/OpenSUSE Linux?
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LXD is a next generation system container manager. It offers a user experience similar to virtual machines but using Linux containers instead. It's image based with pre-made images available for a wide number of Linux distributions. How do I set up and install LXD on a CentOS 8.x or RHEL 8.x server?
The post How to Set Up and Use LXD on CentOS 8.x / RHEL 8.x appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I change my default shell in Linux?
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I am a new Linux server sysadmin. I need to delete the PREROUTING rule. How do I delete the prerouting rule on Linux server?
The post Linux iptables delete prerouting rule command appeared first on nixCraft.
How do I install PHP extension called phpredis (php-redis) for interfacing with Redis cluster on CentOS 8 or RHEL 8?
The post How to Install phpredis on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 appeared first on nixCraft.
I increased the size of the volume in Linux using my cloud service providers' online tool. My original disk size was 200GB, and I grew to 400GB. However, I only able to use 200GB and not 400GB. How do I resizing my disk and extend the file system resizing a disk volume?
The post Linux extend file system after resize disk volume appeared first on nixCraft.
I have ThinkPad P1 Gen 2 or X1 Extreme 2nd Laptop. Can I easily Install ThinkPad firmware updates on Linux using GUI?
The post Thinkpad update firmware on Linux (X1 extreme/P1 gen2) appeared first on nixCraft.
I removed and installed Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS on my development Lenovo laptop. However, I need to use my Windows 10 pro in KVM VM for running the accounting app. How do I find and print my embedded Windows 10 pro key from a Linux command line option? How can I retrieve Microsoft Windows 8 and 10 OEM product key from BIOS?
The post Linux find Windows 10 OEM product key command appeared first on nixCraft.
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